Reproduction and Inheritance Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the types of variation within a species?
Variation can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both.
What is the genome?
The genome is the entire DNA of an organism.
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
Where are genes located in a cell?
Genes are located on chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell.
What are alleles?
What are some uses or roles of alleles?
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that cause differences in inherited characteristics.
Determine traits like eye colour, blood type, or inherited disorders
Allow for genetic variation in a population
Can be studied for genetic engineering or selective breeding
Help in genetic testing and disease screening
How is the sex of a person determined?
By one pair of chromosomes: XX for females and XY for males.
How can you show sex determination using a genetic diagram?
By using a Punnett square to show that a sperm (X or Y) fuses with an egg (X), producing either XX (female) or XY (male).
What is the diploid and haploid number of chromosomes in human cells?
Diploid = 46 chromosomes, Haploid = 23 chromosomes.
How does random fertilisation lead to genetic variation?
Each gamete contains different genetic material, so the combination at fertilisation is random and unique.
What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically varied offspring. Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.
What happens during fertilisation?
A male and female gamete fuse to form a zygote, which divides and develops into an embryo.
How is the male reproductive system adapted for its function?
It produces and delivers sperm using structures like the testes (sperm production) and penis (sperm delivery).
How is the female reproductive system adapted for its function?
It produces eggs and supports pregnancy with structures like the ovaries (egg release), uterus (embryo development), and vagina (birth canal).
What is the role of the placenta?
It allows the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste between the mother’s blood and the embryo’s blood.
How does amniotic fluid protect the developing embryo?
It cushions the embryo from shocks and provides a stable environment.
