Reproduction and Inheritance

Question 1

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 1

Genetic Material in the form of chromosomes

Question 2

What are chromosomes?

Answer 2

Long lengths of DNA coiled up

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A short section of DNA

Question 4

What does Diploid mean?

Answer 4

Human body cells are diploid, which means they have 2 COPIES of each chromosomes, arranged in PAIRS

Question 5

How many chromosomes does a human cell contain?

Answer 5

46

Question 6

What do proteins do?

Answer 6

They determine our inherited characteristics and control processes in the body.

Question 7

What is an Allele?

Answer 7

Alleles are different versions of the same gene.

Question 8

What’s the name of the chemical that holds the two strands of DNA together?

Answer 8

Bases

Question 9

What are the names of the 4 bases? (4)

Answer 9

1) Adenine (A)
2) Cytosine (C)
3) Guanine (G)
4) Thymine (T)

Question 10

How do the bases pair together? (2)

Answer 10

A-T

C-G

Question 11

What is complementary base pairing?

Answer 11

The process in which the DNA pairs always match up

Question 12

Asexual Reproduction, also known as…

Answer 12

Mitosis

Question 13

How can a cell make a new cell out of itself?

Answer 13

Split in half

Question 14

The new cells it creates will contain…

Answer 14

Identical genetic information

Question 15

What is Asexual Reproduction?

Answer 15

It involves only one parent, and the offspring have identical genes so there is no variation between the parent and the offspring.

Question 16

What is Mitosis?

Answer 16

Mitosis is when a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two cells with identical sets of chromosomes.

Question 17

What can Mitosis also be used for? (2)

Answer 17

Making new cells for

a) Growth
b) Repair

Question 18

What’s the difference between Sexual/Asexual Reproduction?

Answer 18

• Asexual is singular with one parent with genetically identically cells
• Sexual produces genetically different cells from two parents

Question 19

Define (properly) Sexual Reproduction

Answer 19

Sexual Reproduction is where genetic information from two organisms (father & mother) is combined to produce off spring which are genetically different to either parent.

Question 20

What are Gametes?

Answer 20

The sperm and the egg

Question 21

Gametes are haploid, what does this mean?

Answer 21

It means that they have half the number of chromosomes than in a normal cell.

Question 22

In humans, how many chromosomes does each gamete contain?

Answer 22

23

Question 23

What is a zygote?

Answer 23

A zygote is when a male gamete has fused with a female gamete, a zygote is what’s created

Question 24

How many chromosomes does a zygote have?

Answer 24

A full set, 46

Question 25

What happens when a zygote goes through cell division (Mitosis)?

Answer 25

It develops into an embryo

Question 26

What happens to the embryo?

Answer 26

It inherits features from both parents, a mixture of chromosomes from either of them

Question 27

What is caused by the fertilisation of gametes being at random?

Answer 27

Genetic Variation in the offspring

Question 28

What is Meiosis?

Answer 28

Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces 4 haploid cells whose chromosomes are not identical

Question 29

Where does Meiosis occur in humans?

Answer 29

The reproductive organs (ovaries, testes)