Reproduction (animal and plant)

Question 1

In animals, what is the female sex cell?

Answer 1

Egg cells

Question 2

In animals, what is the male sex cell?

Answer 2

Sperm cell

Question 3

In plants, what is the female sex cell?

Answer 3

Ovule

Question 4

In plants, what is the male sex cell?

Answer 4

Pollen grain

Question 5

What is the function of the testicles in males?

Answer 5

They produce millions of sperm cells

Question 6

What is the function of the penis?

Answer 6

1) To pass urine out of the body

2) To pass semen out of the body

Question 7

Where does fertilisation take place in the female body?

Answer 7

Fallopian tube (also called oviduct)

Question 8

What is the function of the ovaries?

Answer 8

They produce egg cells.

Question 9

In which part of the female reproductive system does the foetus develop?

Answer 9

The uterus

Question 10

How long is the gestation period (pregnancy) for humans?

Answer 10

9 months (40 weeks)

Question 11

In general how may days does the menstrual cycle last for?

Answer 11

28 days

Question 12

What is puberty?

Answer 12

Puberty is the time when sex organs begin to release hormones that cause changes in the body. These changes are physical and emotional changes.

Question 13

The changes in puberty are due to the release of ___________.

Answer 13

Hormones

Question 14

Which hormones are released in females during puberty?

Answer 14

Oestrogen (females)

Progesterone (females)

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the male body during puberty?

Answer 15

Testosterone

Question 16

At what age does puberty usually begin for girls?

Answer 16

Females usually start puberty between 8-13 years.

Question 17

At what age does puberty usually begin for boys?

Answer 17

Males usually start puberty between 10-15 years.

Question 18

Name 3 physical changes that occur during male puberty.

Answer 18

• Grow taller and heavier
• Nose and jaw get bigger and face gets longer
• Get more muscles
• Hair and skin can become oily and you may get spots
• Body sweats more
• Hair grows on the face, under the armpits, around the genitals (pubic hair).
• May get more hair on arms, legs and chest.
• Voice gets deeper
• Penis and testicles grow bigger and longer

Question 19

Name 3 physical changes that occur during female puberty.

Answer 19

• Get taller and heavier
• Bones grow bigger and heavier
• Hips get wider and more curvy
• Face changes shape
• Voice gets a little deeper
• Hair grows under the armpits, around the genitals (pubic hair)
• Hair on arms and legs grows darker
• Breasts and nipples get larger
• Ovaries start to release eggs (one per month)
• Periods starts
• Body sweats more

Question 20

What is ovulation?

Answer 20

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary.

Question 21

On what day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Answer 21

Day 14

Question 22

If a woman is pregnant, what happens to the lining of the uterus?

Answer 22

The lining of the uterus stays in place to protect the growing foetus.

Question 23

What items may a girl use to protect her clothes from the period?

Answer 23

Tampons, sanitary pads or a menstrual cup

Question 24

What is the placenta?

Answer 24

The placenta is an organ attached to the lining of the womb during pregnancy.

It keeps the unborn baby’s blood supply separate from the mother’s blood supply, as well as providing a link between the two.

Question 25

What is the job/function of the placenta?

Answer 25

1) The placenta facilitates the exchange of materials between the mother and foetus 2) The placenta produces hormones that help maintain the pregnancy.

Question 26

What is a zygote?

Answer 26

A fertilised egg cell.

Question 27

When a fertilised egg divides, it starts to form an __________.

Answer 27

Embryo

Question 28

What does the umbilical cord do?

Answer 28

The umbilical cord connects the foetus with the placenta.

Question 29

Which fluid protects the baby in the uterus?

Answer 29

Amniotic fluid.

Question 30

What is the name of the first stage of birth?

Answer 30

Dilation

Question 31

What happens during the second stage of birth?

Answer 31

This stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated (about 10 cm wide). As pressure on the cervix increases, the head of the baby is pushed out through the vaginal opening.

Question 32

What happens during dilation (first stage of birth)?

Answer 32

This starts when the cervix is about 3–4 cm dilated. The uterus continues to contract, causing a sac around the baby to break releasing amniotic fluid (known as a woman’s waters breaking).

Question 33

What kind of substances are harmful to a growing foetus?

Answer 33

Smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs as these can all pass to the foetus via the placenta.

Question 34

In which part of the flowering plant would you find the pollen grains?

Answer 34

Anther

Question 35

What is the name of the part the holds up the anther?

Answer 35

Filament

Question 36

What is the stamen?

Answer 36

The male part of the flowering plant.

Question 37

What is the carpel?

Answer 37

The female part of the flowering plant.

Question 38

Explain how the pollen grain can fertilise the ovule.

Answer 38

The pollen grain lands on the stigma. The pollen grain nucleus travels down a pollen tube to the ovary and fertilises the ovule.

Question 39

What are the 6 stages of a flowering plant life cycle?

Answer 39

1) Pollination 2) Fertilisation 3) Seed formation 4) Seed dispersal 5) Germination 6) Growth of a new plant

Question 40

Define germination.

Answer 40

The growth of a seed into a new plant.

Question 41

Name the conditions required for germination to occur successfully.

Answer 41

Oxygen, warmth, and water

Question 42

Define pollination.

Answer 42

Pollination involves the transfer of pollen (male gamete) from the anther to the stigma (outermost female part)

Question 43

What are the two types of pollination?

Answer 43

1) Self - pollination (same plant) | 2) Cross - pollination (different plants)