Reproduction & Genetics Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is reproduction?
Reproduction is the action or process of creating or copying an organism
Includes both sexual and asexual reproduction.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is when 2 different organisms have relations and create offspring.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves only 1 parent.
Compare sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexual:
* 2 parents
* Offspring will be genetically unique
Asexual:
* 1 parent
* Offspring is an identical copy of the parent.
What are the external structures of the male reproductive system?
Scrotum and penis.
What are the internal structures of the male reproductive system?
Testicles.
What hormone do testicles produce as males mature?
Testosterone.
What is ovulation?
Ovulation is the hormone-controlled process when an egg is released from the ovary.
What is menstruation?
Menstruation sheds the uterus lining when the egg isn’t being fertilized.
What are the sex chromosomes for females?
XX.
What are the sex chromosomes for males?
XY.
What is fertilization?
The sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote.
What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?
Fraternal:
* Not the same, from different cells, different genetic material
* Two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm at the same time
Identical:
* The same, made from the same genetic material
* From the same fertilized egg that split into two.
Who determines the sex of the child?
Males determine the sex of the child because only they have the Y chromosome.
What are sex hormones responsible for?
Development of characteristics, such as testosterone in men and estrogen in women.
What is the role of the pituitary gland in reproduction?
It begins the reproduction of eggs in females and sperm in males.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; it contains hereditary information and determines how a person looks and acts.
What is genetics?
The study of heredity, the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Who is considered the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel.
What are alleles?
The different forms of a gene - dominant (TT or Tt) and recessive (tt).
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup - the actual genetic code (TT or Tt or tt).
What is a phenotype?
The physical trait that is visible (e.g., blue vs. brown eyes).
What is a Punnett square used for?
To show the different genotypes and the percentage chance offspring could have that genotype.
What is codominance?
Both traits are present from the parents to the offspring.
