Reproduction & Genetics

Question 1

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Joining (fusion) of male and female gametes

Includes sperm and egg in animals, pollen and ovule in plants.

Question 2

What type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

What is meiosis?

Answer 4

Cell division that produces four daughter cells (gametes), each with a single set of chromosomes

Question 5

What are the male and female sex chromosomes in humans?

Answer 5

XX – female, XY – male

Question 6

What are the male and female gametes in flowering plants?

Answer 6

Pollen – male gamete, ovule – female gamete

Question 7

What is the genetic material in cells called?

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 8

Two complementary strands forming a double helix

Question 9

What is a gene?

Answer 9

Small section of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid sequence, to make a specific protein

Question 10

What are alleles?

Answer 10

Different forms of the same gene

Question 11

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 11

Allele that needs to be present twice to be expressed

Question 12

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 12

Allele that is always expressed, even if only one copy is present

Question 13

What is a genome?

Answer 13

The entire genetic material of an organism

Question 14

Define the term homozygous.

Answer 14

Two of the same alleles present in an organism

Question 15

Define the term heterozygous.

Answer 15

Two different alleles present in an organism

Question 16

What type of allele causes polydactyly?

Answer 16

Dominant allele

Question 17

What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 17

Recessive allele

Question 18

How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?

Answer 18

23 pairs (46)

Question 19

Why is studying the human genome important?

Answer 19

• Search for genes linked to certain diseases
• Understanding and treatment of inherited disorders
• Tracing past human migration

Question 20

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a specialized sex cell formed by meiosis.

Answer 20

gamete

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The joining (fusion) of male and female sex cells is known as _______.

Answer 21

fertilisation

Question 22

Fill in the blank: A _______ is when you consider the offspring that might result from two known parents.

Answer 22

genetic cross

Question 23

True or False: A clone is produced through sexual reproduction.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the phenotype?

Answer 24

Physical expression of the genotype – the characteristic shown

Question 25

What is the genotype?

Answer 25

Combination of alleles an individual has

Question 26

What is the role of meiosis in reproduction?

Answer 26

Halves the number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 27

What happens during fertilisation in terms of chromosomes?

Answer 27

Restores the full number of chromosomes

Question 28

What is an allele?

Answer 28

Different forms of the same gene