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Bio 30 > Reproduction System > Flashcards

Reproduction System Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are gonads?

A

Primary sex organs

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2
Q

Define accessory organs

A

Secondary sex organs
(Eggs, pubic hair, etc.)

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3
Q

Define primary sex characteristics

A

Directly related to gamete production

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4
Q

Define secondary sex characteristics

A

External + behavioural characteristics

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5
Q

During ejaculation, what structures contract rhythmically?

A

Vas D, Seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, and prostate gland

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6
Q

What controls ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic nerve stimulation (reflex)

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7
Q

What does ejaculation do?

A

Forces semen into urethra and out penis

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8
Q

SEVENUP acronym for ejaculation process.

A

Seminiferous tubules, Epididymus, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis

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9
Q

What does seminal vesicles do?

A

Secrete mucus with fructose (nutrients for sperm) and prostaglandins

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10
Q

What does prostaglandins do?

A

Trigger contraction of female reproductive tract

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11
Q

What does the prostate gland do?

A

Secrete alkaline buffer to neutralize acidity (urethra + female reproductive system)

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12
Q

What does the Cowper’s/Bulbourethral gland do?

A

Secrete more mucus

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13
Q

2 parts of the testes?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules - spermatogenesis
  2. Interstitial cells (Leydig) - testosterone
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14
Q

What dilates the arterioles during arousal?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

What does Inhibin do?

A

Inhibits FSH and GnRH
- from Sertoli cells

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16
Q

What does GnRH do? (Gonads)

A

Stimulate secretion of LH and FSH
- from hypothalamus

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17
Q

What does LH do? (Male)

A

Production testosterone in interstitial
- Anterior Pituitary

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18
Q

What does FSH do? (Male)

A

Production of sperm cells ( in seminiferous)
- Anterior pituitary

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19
Q

What is located in the acrosome? (Cap if sperm)

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A

Digestive enzymes to break down egg walls

20
Q

What do Sertoli cells do?

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A

Give nutrients + protect from bacteria (WBC)

21
Q

What is in the middle section of the sperm?

22
Q

Define androgen

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A

All male sex hormones

23
Q

What does testosterone do?

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A

Stimulate spermatogenesis

24
Q

What gene does the Y chromosome carry?

25
What does SRY do?
1. Make male parts (7 weeks) 2. Stop female parts
26
What happens in absence of SRY
Fetus = girl from estrogen + progesterone from mom
27
What happens to males 10-13?
Hypothalamus = increase GnRH (complete sex organ development)
28
Symptoms of andropause?
Loss of bone+muscle mass, sperm production decrease
29
Where does oogenesis occur?
In the follicles
30
2 types of follicle cells
1. Primary oocyte 2. Granulosa
31
What is the ovary the site of?
Estrogen and progesterone production
32
What is the granulosa?
Layer of cells create follicle wall and nourishes oocyte
33
2 stages of ovarian cycle
1. Follicular stage (1-13 2. Luteal (15-28)
34
What happens during the follicular stage?
1. GnRH is released by hypo (release FSH by anterior) 2. Mature follicle + oocyte (Estrogen released) 3. Release LH, stop FSH + GnRH
35
Function of the fimbrae?
Sweep egg into fallopian tube (lives 1 day)
36
What happens on day 14?
Surge in estrogen (release LH) - ovum = burst out of ovary wall
37
2 cycles
1. Ovarian 2. Uterine
38
What is the uterine cycle?
Thickening of endometrium + uterus and period
39
Functions of progesterone
1. Thicken endometrium 2. Stop cervical mucus 3. Stop periods (prevent uterine contractions/cramps) 4. Firms cervix (stop expelling fetus) 5. Stop ovulation of other mature follicles (inhibit LH)
40
What happens during luteal phase?
- LH develops follicle to corpus luteum - CL secrete progesterone + estrogen - degenerates CL after LH inhibited by progesterone
41
T/F: estrogen inhibits FSH
True (no follicle stimulation)
42
What happens during uterine cycle?
1-5: period (low progesterone) 6-14: High estrogen + thicken endometrium 15-28: rise progesterone (more thick)
43
2 Protective layers during fertilization
1. Corona radiata: jelly made of follicles 2. Zone pellucida: thin glycoprotein (clear)
44
What do cortical granules do?
Secrete contents (enzymes + proteins) to change zona pellucida
45
What happens between ages 9-13?
More production of GnRH
46
What is menopause?
Decline in good follicles, so less estrogen and progesterone
47
How to treat menopause?
Hormone replacement therapy

Bio 30 (10 decks)

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