Reproductive

Question 1

Prostatitis

Answer 1

Risks: Young and middle aged males, a past episode of prostatitis, infection of bladder of urethra, pelvic trauma, dehydration, using urinary catheter, having unprotected sex
Prevention: Practice good hygiene, stay hydrated, and diagnose early

Question 2

Epididymitis

Answer 2

Risks: Histories of infection, multiple sex partners, uncircumcised penis, anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract
Prevention: Abstinence, monogamy, using latex condoms, treating infections early

Question 3

Orchitis

Answer 3

Risks: Not being immunized against mumps, recurring urinary tract infections and STIs, surgery involving the genitalia, multiple sex partners
Prevention: Vaccination against mumps, abstinence, monogamy, use of latex condoms

Question 4

Cryptorchidism

Answer 4

Risks: Low birth weight and premature birth(particularly infants born before 8 months of gestation)

Question 5

Testicular Cancer

Answer 5

Risks: Cryptorchidism, family history of testicular cancer, abnormal testicular development

Question 6

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH)

Answer 6

Causes: Idiopathic, considered to be part of aging process

Question 7

Prostate Cancer

Answer 7

Risks: Older age(men 67 and above), race(more common in African-American), prostatic and genome changes

Question 8

Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 8

Causes: Psychological(stress, anxiety, fear), diabetes, kidney disease, neurological disease

Question 9

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)

Answer 9

Risks: Sexually active women under 25, age-bearing women, polygamy, contracting STIs
Prevention: Abstinence, monogamy, protected sex, early STI diagnosis

Question 10

Cervical Cancer

Answer 10

Risks: Human papillomavirus(HPV)
Prevention: HPV vaccines at a young age, abstinence

Question 11

Endometrial Cancer

Answer 11

Risks: Abnormal overgrowth of the endometrium(endometrial hyperplasia), early puberty, late menopause, obesity and never having given birth, estrogen replacement therapy

Question 12

Leiomyomas

Answer 12

Risks: After age of 30

Question 13

Ovarian Cancer

Answer 13

Risks: Familial history of cancer, never having given birth and age

Question 14

Breast Cancer

Answer 14

Risks: Age, never having given birth or having first child late, familial history of cancer

Question 15

Fibroadenomas

Answer 15

Risks: Women 15-30 and pregnant women

Question 16

Breast Cysts

Answer 16

Risks/Causes: Idiopathic

Question 17

Fibrocystic Breast Changes(FBC)

Answer 17

Risks: Women of child-bearing age

Question 18

Amenorrhea

Answer 18

Risks: Eating disorders, athletic training, family history
Causes: Primary(chromosomal abnormalities, endocrine dysfunction, structural abnormality of vagina), Secondary(pregnancy, contraceptives, stress, medication, hormone imbalance, excessive exercise and more)

Question 19

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 19

Risks: Early puberty, heavy bleeding during menses, family history, smoking

Question 20

Menorrhagia

Answer 20

Risks: Young women who have recently started menstruating and older women approaching menopause

Question 21

Metorrhagia

Answer 21

Causes: Hormonal imbalance, uterine fibroid tumors, pregnancy complications including miscarriage and ectopic pregnancies

Question 22

Premenstrual Syndrome(PMS) & Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder(PMDD)

Answer 22

Risks: PMS(Mental health problems(anxiety or depression), family history and age), PMDD(Family history of PMS or PMDD, personal or family history of depression, post-partum depression, sexual abuse, or a mood disorder)

Question 23

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 23

Risks: PID, endometriosis, previous pelvic surgery, infertility, smoking, or uterine structural abnormalities
Causes: Scarring caused by previous surgeries, infection of the fallopian tubes

Question 24

Spontaneous Abortion/Miscarriage

Answer 24

Risks: Maternal age, previous miscarriage

Question 25

Preeclampsia

Answer 25

Risks: First-time pregnancies, pregnant teens, women over 40 years of age, carrying more than one baby, obesity, or a history of diabetes, kidney disease, lupus

Question 26

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GMD)

Answer 26

Risks: Family history of type-II diabetes, age, obesity

Question 27

Menopause

Answer 27

Causes: Occurs between 45-55 years old

Question 28

Uterine Prolapse

Answer 28

Risks: Age, delivery of a large baby, one or more vaginal births Causes: Trauma to the muscle, fascia, and pelvic ligaments during pregnancy and childbirth

Question 29

Cystocele

Answer 29

Risks: Age, previous vaginal childbirths, having a hysterectomy Causes: Trauma to the pelvic ligaments and surrounding regions during pregnancy and delivery

Question 30

Rectocele

Answer 30

Causes: trauma to pelvic ligaments and surrounding regions during pregnancy and delivery

Question 31

Gonorrhea

Answer 31

Risks: Sexual contact, childbirth Causes: Gram-negative coccus bacteria Neiserria gonorrhoeae

Question 32

Syphilis

Answer 32

Risks: Sexual contact, direct contact with a syphilis chancre(genital wart), during childbirth Causes: Bacterium Treponema pallidum

Question 33

Chlamydia

Answer 33

Risks: Sexual contact, during vaginal childbirth Causes: Bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 34

Trichomoniasis

Answer 34

Causes: Protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 35

Genital Herpes

Answer 35

Causes: Spread through secretions of mouth or genitals

Question 36

Genital Warts

Answer 36

Causes: HPV-6 or HPV-11