Reproductive Endo

Question 1

cerebrum

Answer 1

telencephelon, ‘the brain’ in everyday conversation

Question 2

pons

Answer 2

relays info between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 3

cerebellum

Answer 3

little brain, hind brain, sensory perception and motor output

Question 4

medulla oblongata

Answer 4

controls automatic functions like breathing

Question 5

third ventricle

Answer 5

fluid filled cavity, one of four, containing two protrusions:
1. supraoptic recess above optic chiasma
2. infundibular recess

Question 6

Posterior pituitary aka…

Answer 6

neurohypophysis

Question 7

Anterior pituitary aka…

Answer 7

adenohypophysis

Question 8

the pituitary is protected by what anatomical features?

Answer 8

diaphragma sellae and sella turcica (cavity) and sphenoid bone

Question 9

peptide hormones mainly come from the… and some examples are…

Answer 9

hypothalamus, GnRH and oxytocin

Question 10

protein hormones come from the… and some examples are…

Answer 10

anterior pituitary, prolactin and ACTH

Question 11

As the CHO content in a hormone _______, so does the 1/2 life

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

hCG is ___% carbohydrate and has ___-like activity

Answer 12

30%, LH

Question 13

eCG is ___% carbohydrate and has ___-like activity

Answer 13

45%, FSH

Question 14

____ acid is present on FSH but very little on LH

Answer 14

sialic

Question 15

Ant. Pituitary hormones such as LH, FSH, and TSH have two chains and are connected by what?

Answer 15

alpha: nonspecific
beta: specific
connected with disulfide bonds

Question 16

The basis of the steroid biosynthetic pathway is

Answer 16

cholesterol into pregnenolone

Question 17

The first type of estrogen is…

Answer 17

estriol, weak estrogen found in urine

Question 18

The second type of estrogen is…

Answer 18

estrone, dominant in pregnant women and is the major end product in swine

Question 19

The third type of estrogen is…

Answer 19

estradiol, has alpha and beta formations

Question 20

estradiol and estrone can be converted into ____

Answer 20

estriol

Question 21

Other than converting testosterone into estradiol, what other function does aromatase serve?

Answer 21

conversion of androstenedione into estrone

Question 22

In the zona fasciculata…

Answer 22

cortisol or corticosterone is produced

Question 23

In the zona glomerulosa…

Answer 23

aldosterone is produced

Question 24

In the zona reticularis…

Answer 24

androstenedione is produced

Question 25

a synthetic drug called DES has ______ properties

Answer 25

estrogenic

Question 26

Synthetic hormones have a long ______ and a strong affinity for______

Answer 26

1/2 life, receptors

Question 27

What compounds are used to induce cows into constant heat for estrus detection?

Answer 27

test. propionate, test. enanthate, and estradiol benzoate

Question 28

Progestins are used for...

Answer 28

estrous synchronization

Question 29

Prostaglandins are...

Answer 29

1. produced by all tissues 2. have a local effect

Question 30

How are PGs chemically made?

Answer 30

FAs & phospholipids convert into arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2 and into prostaglandins

Question 31

During the process of making PGs, COX1 is inhibited by _____ and Dexamethasone inhibits _____

Answer 31

NSAIDS, COX22

Question 32

PGE2 has what functions?

Answer 32

vasodilation, maintains CL, OV, and implantation

Question 33

PGF2a has what functions?

Answer 33

vasoconstriction, OV, parturition, sperm transport, luteal cells of CL, and CL regression

Question 34

What are the two types of hormone action?

Answer 34

1.membrane receptors through second messenger systems and latent transcription factors 2. cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors at the level of transcription

Question 35

5 receptor classes

Answer 35

G-protein, tyrosine kinases, guanylyl cyclases, iontropic, and nuclear

Question 36

steroid hormones receptors are in the ____

Answer 36

nuclear, every other type is in plasma membrane

Question 37

What factor affects receptor function and what regulates it?

Answer 37

1. number of receptors regulates degree of stimulation and response 2. hormones can control an increase or decrease