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RRPA Pathophysiology II > Reproductive Mace > Flashcards

Reproductive Mace Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two functions of the productive system?

A
  1. production of gametes

2. fertilization

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2
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

in the fallopian tubes

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3
Q

If TDF (testis determining factor) is present during development, what will the testes produce?

A

testosterone: induces development of mesonephric duct

MIF/AMH: inhibits female development

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4
Q

If there is no Y-chromosome the embryo will go into default and what duct will be produced?

A

Paramesonephric duct aka Müllerian Duct

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5
Q

External structure of the testis?

A

tunica vaginalis

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6
Q

Internal structure of the testis?

A

albuginea

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7
Q

What does the blood testis barrier do?

A

prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells

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8
Q

What do sustentacular cells in the seminiferous tubules produce that inhibits the anterior pituitary from releasing FSH and LH?

A

inhibin

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9
Q

Sustentacular cells also produce ABP that stimulate the production of ?

A

testosterone

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10
Q

LH stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete?

A

testosterone

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11
Q

Is ejaculation mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?

A

sympathetic

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12
Q

Is resolution where the penis becomes flaccid mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?

A

sympathetic

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13
Q

Is erection mediated by sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers?

A

parasympathetic

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14
Q

After puberty, the vaginal lining becomes what kind of cells to resist abrasion?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

The corpus luteum develops into a dead, empty shell known as the?

A

corpus albicans

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16
Q

granulose cells in the primary follicle produce?

A

estrogen

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17
Q

In the first stage of oogenesis (prenatal), the primary oocyte stops in what phase ?

A

prophase I

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18
Q

What is occurring in the second stage of oogenesis (adolescence to menopause)?

A
  • meiosis I is finishing
  • the first polar body dies
  • the secondary oocyte is ovulated
  • start of meiosis II
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19
Q

What is occurring during the third stage of oogenesis (fertilization)?

A
  • if secondary oocyte is not fertilized, it dies
  • if fertilized, it goes through meiosis II and becomes a zygote
  • second polar body dies
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20
Q

During primordial follicle development, the egg is referred to as?

A

primary oocyte (prophase I)

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21
Q

During the primary follicle stage, the egg is referred to as?

A

primary oocyte

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22
Q

During the secondary follicle stage , the egg is referred to ask?

A

starts as primary oocyte then transforms into secondary oocyte

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23
Q

During the mature/tertiary follicle stage, the egg is referred to as?

A

secondary oocyte arrested in meiosis II/metaphase

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24
Q

During ovulation the egg is referred to as?

A

secondary oocyte arrested

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25
If the egg is fertilized during ovulation it can now be referred to as?
a zygote
26
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. | Egg maturation?
estrogen
27
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Maintaining pregnancy?
progesterone
28
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Proliferation of stratum functionalis?
estrogen
29
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Development of secondary sex characteristics that appear in puberty ?
estrogen
30
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. Breast development ?
progesterone
31
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. | Prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy ?
progesterone
32
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. | Drops in middle age and leads to menopause ?
estrogen
33
Name which hormone is responsible for the function. | Its cyclic absence leads to onset of menstrual cycle ?
estrogen
34
What days does the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle occur?
d1-d13
35
What day does the ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle occur?
d14
36
What days does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle occur?
d15-d28
37
Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by an FSH being in charge and folliculogenesis occurring ?
follicular phase
38
Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by an LH surge and requires a continuous increase of estrogen ?
ovulation phase
39
Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum ?
luteal phase
40
What does the corpus luteum secrete ?
estrogen and progesterone
41
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does nutrient enrichment, mature endometrial gland, and fully developed spiral arteries occur?
secretory phase (day15-26)
42
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does extrusion of stratum functionalis occur?
menstrual phase (d1-d5)
43
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does retraction of spiral arteries and cell death by necrosis occur?
premenstrual phase (d27-28)
44
During which menstrual (uterine) cycle does regrowth of stratum functionalis, angiogenesis of spiral arteries and building of endometrial glands occur ?
proliferative phase (d6-d14)
45
which hormone is in charge of the proliferative phase ?
estrogen
46
which hormone is in charge of the secretory phase ?
progesterone
47
Which hormone level reaches its maximum during the luteal phase ?
progesterone
48
Which two hormones are peaking around day 13, right before ovulation?
LH and estrogen
49
Describe the structural hierarchy of the mammary gland.
alveoli; lobule; lobe; lactiferous sinus
50
Development of the mammary gland occurs during?
puberty --> thelarche
51
During female sexual arousal phase, the uterus stands more ?
superiorly
52
During female sexual arousal phase, the labia minora becomes ?
vasocongested and may extend beyond the labia
53
During female sexual plateau phase, the lower one-third of the vagina ___ and the clitoris is ___?
vagina constricts the penis and the clitoris is engorged and its glans withdrawn
54
Which fluid carries spermatozoa thus carrying genetic material for ovum fertilization?
sperm
55
Which fluid neutralizes the acidity of the male urethra in preparation for passage of the sperm ?
Cowper's fluid from the bulbourethral glands
56
Which fluid has nutrients, and protects the sperm, correcting the pH in the vagina/male urethra?
seminal fluid
57
Which fluid enhances sperm motility and also corrects the pH in the vagina/male urethra?
prostatic fluid (thin, milky, alkaline)
58
Which fluid contains fructose, prostaglandins, and is alkaline?
seminal fluid
59
Which fluid is mucus-like fluid?
Cowper's fluid
60
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | fertilization
after
61
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | rapidly rising FSH
before
62
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | rapidly rising LH
before
63
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | rapidly rising Estrogen
before
64
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | low estrogen
this could be before or after, BUT the lowest is BEFORE
65
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | estrogen inhibition of GnRH release
before
66
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | shedding of the endometrium
before
67
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | secretory phase
after
68
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | rapidly declining FSH and LH
before
69
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | implantation
after
70
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | menses
before
71
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | progesterone peak
after
72
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | proliferative phase
before
73
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | constriction of endometrial arteries
after
74
Does this process occur before or after ovulation? | formation of a zygote
after

RRPA Pathophysiology II (16 decks)

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