Reproductive Surgery of the Bull

Question 1

Integrity of the dorsal nerve of the penis is essential for

a. Erection
b. Ejaculation
c. Intromission
d. Urination

Answer 1

b. Ejaculation

Question 2

Prolapse of the prepuce is mainly a problem of

a. Bos taurus
b. Bos indicus
c. beef bulls
d. Dairy bulls

Answer 2

b. Bos indicus

Question 3

TRUE/FALSE

Preputial avulsion is almost exclusively a problem of bulls in AI studs

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

Penile anesthesia may be achieved by:

a. Dorsal nerve block
b. Pudendal nerve block
c. Epidural block
d. Superficial inguinal nerve black
e. All of the above

Answer 4

a. Dorsal nerve block
b. Pudendal nerve block

Question 5

The site ate which penile hematomas usually occurs in bulls is

a. Dorsolateral
b. ventral
c. near tip of the penis
d. Proximal to the sigmoid flexure

Answer 5

a. Dorsolateral

Question 6

The ___ is the pink membrane that lies along the shaft when the penis is extended.

Answer 6

Lamina interna

Question 7

The ____ runs all the way down the penis and provides sensation to the glans pensi. If this is damaged or changed, the animal will not have a normal ejaculatory response.

Answer 7

Dorsal nerve.

Question 8

The dorsal nerve is a branch off of the _____ n.

Answer 8

Pudendal

Question 9

During erection, the _____ muscles contract, making the penis a closed circulatory system, causing extremely high blood pressure.

Answer 9

Bulbospongiousus & Ischiocavernosus.

Question 10

What is the artery involved in erection?

Answer 10

Deep artery of the penis

Question 11

What are the methods of examining the penis?

Answer 11

• Manual (young bulls only)
• Sedation - xylazine & acepromazine
• Pudendal Nerve block
• View matting attempt
• Imaging - Radiographs, ultrasonography

Question 12

What is the BEST way to examine the penis and why?

Answer 12

Observing Mating attempt - some disorders are not visible unless an attempt is made

Question 13

When is the best time to castrate a bull?

Answer 13

EARLY

1-3 months

Question 14

TRUE/FALSE

If done early enough, castration procedures are very minor and do not require analgesia.

Answer 14

FALSE.

ALWAYS USE ANALGESIA

Question 15

Name this castration device.

Answer 15

Elastrator

Question 16

Name this castration device

Answer 16

Newberry knife

Question 17

Name this castration device

What is special about this device?

Answer 17

Callicrate

It is considered painless because of its 100% occlusion

Question 18

Name this castration device

Bonus: what specific technique must be done?

Answer 18

Burdizzo

Opposing spermatic cords need to be staggered. If not, necrosis of the entire scrotum will occur.

Question 19

What is the condition in this picture?

How does this happen?

Answer 19

Ulcer of Preputial Orifice

• Hair is clipped too short
• Urine Accumulates
• Urease-producing organisms produce ammonia
• Ulceration, Secondary infection

Question 20

What is the condition in the picture and how does it occur?

Answer 20

Decubital ulcer in Rams
•Show rams -overweight, little exercise (confined), recumbant
•Resist conservative treatment
•Require surgical excision

Question 21

Decubital ulcers in rams occurs on the ____ aspect of the preputial orifice.

Answer 21

Dorsal

Question 22

What is the condition seen in the image?

Answer 22

Prolapsed penis

Question 23

____ are predisposed to prolapsed penises because of thir long pendulous prepuces.

Answer 23

Bos indicus

Question 24

How can prolapse of the prepuce be treated?

Answer 24

Exercise/hydrotherapy to decrease swelling

Support prepuse against body with bandage (early stages only)

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_ is a type of stenosis that results in inability to extend the penis.

Answer 25

Phimosis

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_ is a type of stenosis that results in inability to retract the penis.

Answer 26

Paraphimosis Pa**_R_**aphimosis - can't **_R_**etract

Question 27

Treatment for stenosis is to remove the scar tissue. What is a complication that may occur from this surgery and how can it be fixed.

Answer 27

**Cicatrix** - minor constriction as a consequence of a circumferential incision **Surgical Treatment**: Make a **LONGITUDINAL** incision and suture **TRANSVERSELY**

Question 28

What kind of bulls suffer from preputial avulation/penile laceration?

Answer 28

AI bulls Only - usually after return from lay off \*Hit artificial vagina so hard that they tear the lamina interna during collection

Question 29

TRUE/FALSE Preputial avulsion /penile laceration may be related to hypertrophy of the lamina interna of the prepuce.

Answer 29

FALSE possibly related to ATROPHY

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_ is the best option to treat preputial avulsion/penile laceration.

Answer 30

Prompt surgery

Question 31

What is the condition in the image? What causes it? How can you treat it?

Answer 31

**Persistent frenulum** - Inherited - Easily corrected surgically

Question 32

What are the different ways to anesthetize a penis?

Question 33

What is the importance of this disorder? How is it treated?

Answer 33

**Fibropapilloma** Renders bulls unsound for breeding Treat easiy with crytherapy, sharp dissection, cautery Can be vaccinated

Question 34

What causes this disorder? How can it be treated?

Answer 34

**Penile deviation** Caused by premature slip of the apical ligament. Treat by taking it or adding strips of fascia lata

Question 35

This condition is known as \_\_\_\_. How is it treated?

Answer 35

**rainbow penis (**Ventral deviation) -treat like other deviaiton - tack or attach fascia lata

Question 36

How can erection failure be differentiated from ventral deviation?

Answer 36

Erection failure is a floppy penis - rainbow penis is firm. May also use **Contrast cavernosography**

Question 37

This contrast radiography is used to diagnose erection failure (through leakage) and is called \_\_\_\_. Describe the procedure

Answer 37

**Contrast cavernosography** Contrast media is inserted into corpus cavernosum Penis is twisted and radiographs taken Objective is to get **Horizon** shot of leak

Question 38

TRUE/FALSE This is a penile hematoma and is typically self-limiting without serious implications.

Answer 38

FALSE May result in abscess. Bull is out for the season and is usually a death sentence. Occurs **DORSOLATERALLY** always

Question 39

What prevents penile hematomas from occuring ventrally?

Answer 39

Rectractor penis muscle

Question 40

Vesiculitis is treated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

Vesiculectomy

Question 41

How can vesiculitis be diagnosed?

Answer 41

- Leukospermia - Rectal palpation - Ultrasound

Question 42

What is the age of onset for vesiculitis?

Answer 42

- Young bulls @ puberty - Older mature bulls

Question 43

What are the methods of creating a teaser bull?

Answer 43

* *-Vasectomy/Epididectomy - Penile Translocation** - Preputial pouch - Corpus cavernosal block - Anchoring of sigmoid flexure

Question 44

TRUE/FALSE The easiest way to perform a vasectomy/epididymectomy is using a cranial approach.

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

What pathology is occuring here?

Answer 45

Vesiculitis

Question 46

This bull was turned into a teaser by using the ______ method.

Answer 46

Penile translocation

Question 47

TRUE/FALSE This is a congenital abnormality.

Answer 47

FALSE Torn nose ring. Repair by suturing it.