Reproductive System

Question 1

physical maturity is achieved around

Answer 1

17 yrs of age

Question 2

geriatric maternal age

Answer 2

35+

Question 3

adolescence

Answer 3

13-19 yrs

Question 4

4 C’s

Answer 4

what do you CALL this problem?
what do you feel CAUSED this problem?
how do you COPE?
what are your CONCERNS?

Question 5

climacteric

Answer 5

perimenopause
transition phase during which ovarian function and hormone production decrease
lasts around 4 yrs
symptoms: atrophic dry vagina, period irregularity, hot flashes, night sweats

Question 6

menopause

Answer 6

dated with certainty only one year after menstruation ceases
averages at 51 yrs
increases risk for osteoporosis and heart disease
e

Question 7

how to prevent osteoporosis development in menopausal women

Answer 7

weight bearing exercise
Calcium and vit D supplementation

Question 8

bimanual palpation

Answer 8

only way to feel the size of the uterus in nonpregnant females

Question 9

mammograms begin at

Answer 9

age 40

Question 10

colonoscopy begins at

Answer 10

age 45
gold standard for assessing colon cancer
Q5 years if polyps present
Q10 years if normal

Question 11

breasts exams begin at

Answer 11

21-22 years

Question 12

amenorrhea

Answer 12

absence of menstrual flow
pregnancy is most common cause
can be r/t nutritional deficits, lack of ovulation, PCOS, type 1 DM

Question 13

primary amenorrhea

Answer 13

never got a period (by age 16)
assess hormone and thyroid panels and for structural changes

Question 14

secondary amenorrhea

Answer 14

a 3-6 month absence of menses after a period of menstruation

Question 15

criteria for PCOS dx

Answer 15

need 2/3…
polycystic ovaries(US)
signs of increased androgens (unwanted hair growth, acne, belly weight, insulin resistance)
oligovulation (manifested by irregular periods)

Question 16

dysmenorrhea

Answer 16

painful periods
r/t increased prostaglandin release

Question 17

prostaglandins

Answer 17

increased motility of uterine musculature in response to ovulation
(causes uterine to contract and cramps)

Question 18

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Answer 18

irritability, fatigue, cramping prior to onset of period.
manage w decreased caffeine, sodium, and increased exercise.

Question 19

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Answer 19

5 days prior to period
severe depression, anxiety, fatigue, mood swings, HA, joint pain
avoid alcohol, sodium, sugar, caffeine
increase fiber
BC pills and SSRIs

Question 20

endometriosis

Answer 20

presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
SE: severe dysmenorrhea that worsens with age, deep pelvic dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
manage w BC or drugs to decrease cycles
ovary removal or hysterectomy are only cures

Question 21

oligomenorrhea

Answer 21

decreased menstruation (spotting) or infrequent periods

Question 22

metrorrhagia

Answer 22

intramenstrual spotting
implantation bleeding

Question 23

menorrhagia

Answer 23

heavy bleeding or bleeding for very long time
r/t genes or uterine fibroids
monitor H/H and iron

Question 24

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Answer 24

cannot find cause
sign of uterine cancer

Question 25

mittleschmertz

Answer 25

pain in middle of cycle

Question 26

best time for breast self exam

Answer 26

5-7 days after menstruation stops
when estrogen is at its lowest