reproductive system disorder

Question 1

disorders of the vulva

Answer 1

vulvitis, folliculitis, bartholin cyst, vulvar carcinoma

Question 2

vulvitis

Answer 2

inflammation and pruritus (itching) of the vulva, not considered a specific disease, typically accompanies other local and systemic disorder

Question 3

cause of vulvitis

Answer 3

irritating vaginal discharge, overgrowth of candida albicans (yeast) , component of STD

Question 4

folliculitis

Answer 4

infection that involves the hair follicles of the mons or labia majora

Question 5

manifestation of folliculitis

Answer 5

small red papules/pustules surrounding the hair shaft

Question 6

causes of folliculitis

Answer 6

density of bacteria in this area, occlusive nature of clothing covering the genitalia

Question 7

Bartholin cyst

Answer 7

fluid filled sac that results from the occlusion of the duct system in the Bartholin gland

Question 8

cause of bartholin cyst

Answer 8

cyst infected by staphylococcal, chlamydial, anaerobic infection

Question 9

treatment for bartholin cyst

Answer 9

administration of appropriate antibiotics, local application of moist heat, incision and drainage

Question 10

vulvar carcinoma in younger women

Answer 10

related to human papillomavirus infection

Question 11

vulvar carcinomas in older women

Answer 11

often preceded by non-neoplastic disorder such as chronic vulvar irritation/lichen sclerosus, lesion cause itching and repeated injury, healing cells are more likely to mutate

Question 12

disorders of the vagina

Answer 12

vaginitis, vaginal infections, cancer of the vagina

Question 13

vaginal infections

Answer 13

candidiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis

Question 14

vaginosis

Answer 14

strong odor vaginal discharge

Question 15

characteristics of vaginitis

Answer 15

discharge, burning sensation, itching, redness, swelling, pain with urination/intercourse

Question 16

vaginitis caused by

Answer 16

infections, chemical irritants, foreign bodies, poor hygiene

Question 17

atrophic vaginitis caused by

Answer 17

lack of estrogen: less regeneration of vaginal epithelium, changes to normal flora, less acidity in secretions, dry vagina

Question 18

candidiasis caused by

Answer 18

Candida albicans yeast infection: decreased normal bacterial flora, increased estrogen/progesterone levels, decreased immune system activity

Question 19

candidiasis results in

Answer 19

inflammation, pruritus, thick odorless discharge

Question 20

treatment for candidiasis

Answer 20

antifungals

Question 21

bacterial vaginosis

Answer 21

imbalance of normal vaginal bacterial flora

Question 22

bacterial vaginosis leads

Answer 22

thin gray-white/ green discharge with fishy odor, burning upon urination

Question 23

treatment for bacterial vaginosis

Answer 23

treated only if symptomatic/associated with other risk conditions

Question 24

bacterial vaginosis risk factors

Answer 24

multiple sex partners, douching, antibiotics treatment due to effect on normal flora

Question 25

vaginal cancer

Answer 25

clear cell adenocarcinoma > related to prenatal exposure to DES

Question 26

vaginal cancer caused by

Answer 26

HPV, spread of cervical cancer, chronic local irritation

Question 27

symptoms of vaginal cancer

Answer 27

abnormal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, palpable mass, pain during intercourse

Question 28

cervix disorders

Answer 28

cervical cancer, cervicitis, cervical polyps

Question 29

uterus disorders

Answer 29

endometritis

Question 30

cervicitis due to

Answer 30

infection

Question 31

cervicitis result in

Answer 31

mucopurulent drainage, vaginal discharge (leukorrhea)

Question 32

cervical polyps

Answer 32

fingerlike growths, asymptomatic, benign

Question 33

cervical polyps due to

Answer 33

inflammatory hyperplasia

Question 34

cervical cancer detection

Answer 34

pap smear looking for abnormal mitotic cell

Question 35

cervical cancer most common in

Answer 35

women 30-50

Question 36

risk factors for cervical cancer

Answer 36

early age fist intercourse, multiple sex partner, smoking STIs

Question 37

symptoms for cervical cancer

Answer 37

vaginal bleeding especially after intercourse, pelvic or back pain with more advanced disease, hematuria

Question 38

prevention for cervical cancer

Answer 38

HPV vaccine

Question 39

uterine disorder

Answer 39

endometriosis, endometrial cancer

Question 40

endometriosis

Answer 40

functional endometrial tissue is found in ectopic sites

Question 41

cause of endometriosis

Answer 41

changes in hormones during menstrual cycle affect both normal endometrium and ectopic sites

Question 42

ectopic lesions of endometriosis

Answer 42

proliferates and bleed with the changes of the menstrual cycle

Question 43

symptoms of endometriosis

Answer 43

pelvic pain

Question 44

endometriosis can lead to

Answer 44

infertility

Question 45

endometrial cancer

Answer 45

most are adenocarcinomas and only 1% are sarcomas

Question 46

major risk factors for endometrial cancer

Answer 46

unopposed estrogen, diabetes, HTN, PCOS

Question 47

symptoms for endometrial cancer

Answer 47

bleeding between periods/ excessive menstrual flow, bleeding in postmenopausal women, cramping, lower abdominal pressure, enlarged lymph nodes

Question 48

menstrual disorders

Answer 48

dysfunctional menstrual cycles, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 49

Amenorrhea

Answer 49

skip period

Question 50

dysmenorrhea

Answer 50

heavy period

Question 51

physical symptoms of PMDD

Answer 51

painful and swollen breasts, bloating, headache, backache, muscle pain

Question 52

psychological symptoms PMDD

Answer 52

depression, anxiety, anger, behavioral changes

Question 53

causes of PMDD

Answer 53

hyperprolactinemia, estrogen excess, alteration in the estrogen-progesterone ratio, aldosterone, pyridoxine deficiency, decreased prostaglandin E1

Question 54

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 54

inflammation of the upper reproductive tract involving: the uterus (endometritis), fallopian tubes (salpingitis), ovaries (oophoritis)

Question 55

polymicrobial infection causes varies by

Answer 55

geographic location and population

Question 56

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 56

blastocyst implants somewhere other than the uterus

Question 57

tubal pregnancies

Answer 57

implantation in the uterine tube

Question 58

ovarian disorders

Answer 58

ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome, benign ovarian tumors, functioning ovarian tumors, ovarian cancer

Question 59

functioning ovarian tumors

Answer 59

estrogen secreting, androgen-secreting, mixed estrogen and androgen-secreting

Question 60

polycystic ovary syndrome results

Answer 60

anovulation, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance

Question 61

polycystic ovary syndrome

Answer 61

follicles develop but do not ovulate after the LH surge, high LH levels continue