Reproductive System Pathology

Question 1

fibropapillomas in bulls is caused by what?

Answer 1

herpesvirus

Question 2

transmissible genital papilloma in swine is caused by what?

Answer 2

papilloma virus

Question 3

What bacteria can cause neoplasms?

Answer 3

Helicobacter, causes adenocarcinomas in humans and mice.

Question 4

Where does brucella like to be?

Answer 4

in macrophages.

Question 5

What are the 3 highly virulent strains of brucella?

Answer 5

B. melitensis (goats), B. abortus (cattle), and B. suis (pigs)

Question 6

How is Brucella transmitted between animals? How is it transmitted to humans?

Answer 6

between animals through ingestion. Humans can get it through wounds.

Question 7

Who does B. abortus mainly affect? Can they recover?

Answer 7

Mainly affects older cattle or pregnant cattle. The infection persists indefinitely (it hangs out in macrophages)

Question 8

What is the pathogenesis of Brucella abortus?

Answer 8

entry–>causes acute lymphadenitis –> hematogenous spread –> prolonged bacteremia –> localization to the spleen, mammary glands, lymph nodes, pregnant uterus, joints, testis, and accessory glands.

Question 9

T/F: B. abortus has affinity to pregnant endometrium and placenta

Answer 9

True

Question 10

When does B. abortus cause abortion?

Answer 10

7th or 8th month (so late term)

Question 11

If you see a placenta that looks like this, what would your MDx be and what is the likely cause?

Answer 11

necrotizing placentitis and edema of placental membranes, due to Brucella abortus

Question 12

What is the main lesion seen in a pregnant cow affected with B. abortus?

Answer 12

pneumonia in the last half of pregnancy. Can also see bronchitis and bronchopneumonia, and fibrinohemorrhagic pleuritis.

Question 13

This bacteria causes epididymitis in rams, transmission is mainly through coitus, and you can get abortion with placentitis, areteritis, and periarteritis.

Answer 13

B. ovis (less virulent of the Brucellas)

Question 14

What is the main manifestation of swine brucellosis?

Answer 14

severe orchitis.

Question 15

T/F: cats and dogs can get Brucella from pigs.

Answer 15

False. Dogs can, but cats generally do not.

Question 16

Which of the following cause early embryonic death?

A. C. fetus subsp. fetus

B. C fetus subsp. venerialis

C. C. jejuni

Answer 16

B.

Question 17

What is a characteristic lesion of Campylobacter infections?

Answer 17

multifocal necrotizing hepatitis (target or umbilicated lesions)

Question 18

How do cattle get listeria?

Answer 18

By eating poor quality silage. If there is a wound in the mouth, Listeria can go into their brain. More commonly seen in a septicemic form.

Question 19

Which form of Listeria causes abortion and when? What, if any, lesions will you see in the fetus?

Answer 19

septicemic form causes abortion in the last trimester. Will see necrotizing hepatitis in the fetus.

Question 20

Which Leptospira serovar in cattle causes abortion? Which causes early embryonic death?

Answer 20

Abortion caused by L. interrogans serovar Hardjo

Early embryonic death caused by L. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo

Question 21

Does Leptospira cause abortions in horses?

Answer 21

Yes. (L. interrogans serovar Kennewicki)

Question 22

Which Chlamydia species causes abortion in ruminants, and can cause placentitis with vasculitis?

Answer 22

Chlamydia abortus

Question 23

If a sheep has an abortion due to C. abortus, will they abort again?

Answer 23

No, but they are carriers of the bacteria.

Question 24

What is a concern with C. psittaci?

Answer 24

Highly zoonotic and causes abortions. Affects psittacine birds

Question 25

What organism causes Q fever? Does it cause abortion, and if so, when? What else are you likely to see in an animal infected with this?

Answer 25

Coxiella burnetii, causes abortion during late gestation. See suppurative placentitis (intercotyledonary and cotyledonary) and distended trophoblasts with microcolonies of the bacteria.

Question 26

What is the main manifestation of ureaplasma? Can it cause abortion? What will you see in the fetus?

Answer 26

granular vaginitis and vulvitis. Can cause abortions. Will see alveolitis and lesions in the amnion.

Question 27

What are some organisms that cause mycotic abortions?

Answer 27

Aspergillus and Zygomyces

Question 28

What are the main manifestations of epizootic bovine abortion?

Answer 28

thymic hypoplasia and lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.

Question 29

What parasitic infections cause abortions?

Answer 29

toxoplasma, neospora, sarcocystis, tritrichomonas, trypanosoma, and leishmania.

Question 30

When does neospora caninum cause abortion? What is the main manifestation in the dog?

Answer 30

Mid-gestation abortion, main manifestation is lesions in the skin of a dog.

Question 31

How do cows get Tritrichomonas foetus? What does it cause in pregnant cows?

Answer 31

through venereal transmission from bulls (they're asymptomatic permanent carriers). Causes early embryonic death/infertility.

Question 32

This bacteria plays a major role in ovine abortion and the source of infection is cats. You will see necrotizing placentitis, and the cotyledons will be dark to bright red with small soft white nodules.

Answer 32

Toxoplasma gondii.

Question 33

This virus can affect the respiratory system and reproductive system, it will lead to balanoposthitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and you can have latency and reactivation to occur.

Answer 33

Bovine herpesvirus 1

Question 34

This virus causes abortion storms at about 5 months gestation, can cause placental retension and edema/vasculitis. It can be vaccinated agains.

Answer 34

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (Bovine herpesvirus)

Question 35

What are some clinical signs that you will see with equine herpesvirus 1?

Answer 35

fibrin cast in the trachea, interstitial pneumonia, focal necrosis in the liver, and prominent lymphoid follicles in the spleen.

Question 36

can EHV1 cause abortions?

Answer 36

Yes. It is a systemic dz.

Question 37

What are some things you can see with bovine viral diarrhea virus?

Answer 37

Abortion at any trimester, early embryonic death, congenital birth defects (cerebellar hypoplasia and arthrogryphosis). Can also see persistenty infected calves that shed all the time.

Question 38

What causes border disease? What are some things you can see with this dz?

Answer 38

pestevirus. Can see embryonic or fetal death, abortion, mummification, early postnatal death, dysmorphogenesis, and birth of weak lambs.

Question 39

SMEDI type problems are caused by what?

Answer 39

porcine parvovirus (enterovirus less frequently)

Question 40

Canine herpesvirus 1 causes characteristic lesions where? Does it cause abortion?

Answer 40

Characteristic hemorrhage and necrosis of the kidney\*\*\*, liver and spleen. It causes abortions but also stillbirth and infertility.