reproductive systems 14.3

Question 1

y chromosome has a gene called the ____

Answer 1

testes determining factor (TDF)

Question 2

male sex hormones=

Answer 2

androgens

Question 3

puberty begins between ages ___ for males

Answer 3

10-13

Question 4

GnRH comes from ___

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

GnRH begins ___

Answer 5

puberty

Question 6

GnRH stimulates_____

Answer 6

anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH

Question 7

FSH begins

Answer 7

sperm production

Question 8

LH releases

Answer 8

testosterone from testes

Question 9

FSH causes production of sperm in __

Answer 9

seminiferous tubules of testes

Question 10

Sperm production in seminiferous tubules causes the release of __

Answer 10

Inhibin from tubules

Question 11

Inhibin inhibits___

Answer 11

production of FSH in anterior pituitary to keep sperm levels constant (negative feedback)

Question 12

LH causes production and releases of ___

Answer 12

testosterone

Question 13

testosterone inhibits release of ___

Answer 13

LH from anterior pituitary to keep testosterone levels constant

Question 14

andropause:

Answer 14

declining testosterone levels with aging (loss of muscle, decreased sperm production etc)

Question 15

puberty for females begins between the ages of ____

Answer 15

9-13

Question 16

LH and FSH in females stimulate ___ +____

Answer 16

estrogen and progesterone production in ovaries

Question 17

menstrual cycles consists of which 2 cycles

Answer 17

ovarian and uterine

Question 18

menstrual cycles=

Answer 18

period when ovum is released and uterus prepared for implantation of fertilized egg

Question 19

first stage of menstrual cycle + what happens

Answer 19

menstruation
endometrium disintegrates and is shed if no egg is fertilized

Question 20

ovarian cycle is divided into 2 stages

Answer 20

follicular and luteal stages

Question 21

what happens in the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle (5)

Answer 21

• increased FSH causes one follicle to mature
• maturing follicle releases estrogen (mainly) and progesterone
• this triggers the release of GnRH
• LH spike
  -ovulation

Question 22

estrogen thickens ___

Answer 22

endometrium

Question 23

ovulation=

Answer 23

follicle ruptures and releases ovum into oviduct

Question 24

what happens in the luteal stage (4)

Answer 24

• follicle developed into corpus luteum due to LH
• corpus luteum secrets estrogen and progesterone (mainly)
• FSH and LH prodcution is therefore inhibited
• corpus luteum degenerates so FSH and LH aren’t inhibited anymore

Question 25

if fertilization and implantation occurs what maintains estrogen and progesterone levels

Answer 25

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Question 26

after fertilization progesterone ____ and estrogen _____

Answer 26

Maintains endometrium to support developing fetus stops ovarian cycle (no more follicles mature)

Question 27

Uterine cycle ensures

Answer 27

that the uterus is ready for a fertilized egg

Question 28

tissues and blood vessels of endometrium to support life are developed in what cycle

Answer 28

uterine cycle

Question 29

endometrium disintegrating =

Answer 29

menstruation

Question 30

proliferative stage is days ___

Answer 30

6-12

Question 31

secretory stage is days ___

Answer 31

14-28

Question 32

what happens in the proliferative stage(2)

Answer 32

-corpus luteum degenerates- low hormone levels- new follicle matures and releases estrogen - estrogen levels in blood increase and endometrium thickens

Question 33

what happens in the secretory stage

Answer 33

progesterone is released after ovulation therefore endometrium wall thickens rapidly

Question 34

if no fertilization occurs the ____ degenerates

Answer 34

corpus luteum

Question 35

after puberty number of functioning follicles ____

Answer 35

decreases gradually due to a drop in estrogen and progesterone levels

Question 36

menopause is ___ and usually occurs around the age of _____

Answer 36

the end of the menstrual cycle age 50