reproductive trivia Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What kind of kidney for turner syndrome?
A
horse shoe
2
Q
What do the mullerian ducts develop into?
A
uterus and upper 2/3 of vagina
3
Q
What does the urogenital sinus develop into in girls ?
A
lower 1/3 of vagina
4
Q
Wolffian ducts grow into what?
A
boy parts
5
Q
What does the urogenital sinus develop into in boys?
A
prostate
6
Q
What is the eponym for Mullerian Agenesis?
A
mayer rokitansky kuster hauser
7
Q
What abdominal organ has issues during mullerian agenesis/MRKS?
A
kidneys
8
Q
What is the most common type of unicornuate uterus?
A
isolated
9
Q
What happens in the abdomen ipsilateral to the rudimentary horn?
A
renal agenesis
10
Q
What is uterine didelphys? What is present 75% of time?
A
complete uterine duplication
vaginal septum
11
Q
What does the term ‘cornus’ refer to?
A
cornus = uterus
12
Q
What does the term ‘collis’ refer to?
A
cervix
13
Q
What shape of uterus does DES cause?
A
T shaped
14
Q
What are the two types of uterus septae?
A
muscular and fibrous
15
Q
On what days of menstrual cycle should HSG be performed?
A
days 7-10
16
Q
What is Salpigitis Isthmica Nodusa? What are the two associations?
A
nodular scarring of proximal 2/3 of fallopian tube
infertility and ectopics
17
Q
What is the most common cause of uterine AVM?
A
prior D/C
18
Q
What would Asherman Syndrome look like on MR?
A
bunch of T2 dark bands
19
Q
What two entities can cause a venetian blind type shadowing?
A
adenomyosis and fibroids
20
Q
What is the most common type of histological fibroid?
A
hyaline
21
Q
What type of fibroid occurs during pregnancy?
A
red/carneous
22
Q
What does a red/carneous fibroid look like on MRI?
A
peripheral T1 bright band
23
Q
What part of the uterus is spared during adenomyosis?
A
cervix
24
Q
Generally, thickening of the junctional zone of the uterus beyond what size is seen with adenomyosis?
A
> 12 mm
25
What does adenomyosis look like on MRI?
T2 bright cystic changes throughout junctional zone
26
Post-menopausal endometrial thickness should not be greater than what?
5 mm
27
Tamoxifen therapy increases the growth of what two entities within the endometrium?
endometrial cysts and polyps
28
Uterine cancer is almost always what subtype?
adenocarcinoma
29
Will endometrial adenocarcinoma enhance more or less than surrounding myometrium?
less
30
What is stage 2 endometrial cancer defined as? Supposedely this is high risk for what?
cervical stromal invasion
lymph node mets
31
Stage IIb cervical cancer is defined as?
para-metrial involvement
32
Mets to the anterior vaginal wall usually come from where?
upper genital tract
33
Mets to the posterior vaginal wall usually come from where?
GI tract
34
Are bartholin cysts found above or below the pubic symphysis?
below
35
Where are Gartner Duct Cysts located? What causes them?
anterior/lateral wall of vagina
"incomplete regression of Wolffian ducts"
36
What is the eponym for the peri-urethral glands?
skene glands
37
Does hemorrhage in a cystic mass usually indicate a benign or malignant process?
benign
38
Pre-menopausal ovarian size is less than what volume in mL?
15
39
Post-menopausal ovarian size is less than what volume in mL?
6
40
To call it an ovarian cyst, it has to be larger than what size?
> 3 cm
41
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can cause what type of shock?
hypo-volemic
42
When should a PET be done in regards to menstrual cycle?
first week
43
'Ring of Fire' can refer to what two entities?
corpus luteal cyst
ectopic
44
What will the range of RI's be for an ectopic?
less than 0.4 or greater than 0.7
45
What is the most common location for an endometrioma?
uterosacral ligaments
46
Endometriomas are most likely to undergo malignant transformation in which two settings?
age greater than 45 years
greater than 6-9 cm in size
47
What is a decidualized endometrioma?
endometrioma in a pregnant patient with a mural nodule
48
What will an endometrioma look like on MRI? WIll they fat-sat?
T1 bright and T2 dark
no
49
How many menstrual cycles does it take for a hemorrhagic cyst to go away?
1-2 cycles
50
Tip of the iceberg sign refers to what ovarian lesion?
dermoid
51
What type of cancer can a dermoid degenerate into?
squamous
52
What part of a dermoid has the highest propensity to degenerate into cancer?
rokitansky
53
PCOS has to have how many peripheral cysts? What size?
greater than 10
<5mm in size
54
What is a known risk factor for mucinous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma?
smoking
55
What ovarian tumor can produce estrogen?
granulosa thecal
56
Which ovarian tumor is T1 and T2 dark?
fibroma/fibrothecoma
57
What is the triad of Meigs Syndrome?
1. ascites
2. pleural effusion
3. ovarian fibroma/fibrothecoma
58
Brenner tumors of the ovary are similar histologically to what other tumor?
transitional cell
59
What do struma ovarii look like on MR?
multilocular cystic mass with enhancing internal solid component
60
Para-ovarian cysts arise from the remnants of what?
wolffian ducts
61
What do para-ovarian cysts not do?
do NOT distort adjacent ovary
62
What are the two locations of an ovary in regards to a peritoneal inclusion cyst?
within or abutting
63
What type of cyst is present in a MOLAR pregnancy?
Theca Lutein cysts
64
What is the name of the covering of the corpus cavernosum?
tunica albuginea
65
What is stage T2 prostate cancer?
confined by capsule
66
What is stage T3 prostate cancer?
abutting or extending capsule
67
What is the strongest congenital association with a seminal vesicle cyst?
ADPKD
68
Does a Mullerian cyst communicate with the urethra?
no
69
What are the two most common associations with a prostatic utricle cyst?
hypospadias
unilateral renal agenesis
70
What is the name of the serous covering of the testicles?
tunica vaginalis
71
What wouold loss of venous outflow look like on doppler?
loss of diastolic flow or reversal
72
What wouold loss of venous outflow look like on doppler?
loss of diastolic flow or reversal
73
What is the pathophysiology behind tubular ectasia of the rete testis?
blockage of efferent ducts
74
Multiple hypoechoic masses of the testicle should make you think of what pathology?
lymphoma
75
Which two testicular neoplasms will have an elevated AFP?
mixed germ cell
yolk sac
76
What lab is elevated with a seminoma?
HCG
77
What can happen to the bowel with cryptorchidism?
incarcerated hernia
78
What are the two components of zinner syndrome?
renal agenesis
ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst
79
What is a missed abortion?
dead fetus in uterus
80
WHat is the yolk sac connected to?
umbilicus of embryo by vitelline duct
80
WHat is the yolk sac connected to?
umbilicus of embryo by vitelline duct
81
The yolk sac should be seen when the GS is greater than what?
8mm
82
What is the double bleb sign?
when yolk sac and amion abutt with fetal disc in middle
82
What is the double bleb sign?
when yolk sac and amion abutt with fetal disc in middle
83
What are the four criteria for diagnosing a failed pregnancy?
1. CRL > 7mm and no FHR
2. MSD > 25mm and no FHR
3. No embryo 2 weeks after GS seen
4. No embryo with FHR 11 days after GS and YS seen
84
What is an known complication of interstitial ectopic?
massive hemorrhage
85
What level of HCG should a yolk sac be seen?
5k
86
What is a heterotopic pregnancy?
two babies, one in uterus and one in tube
87
Biparietal Diameter is measured at what level?
thalamus
88
Abdominal circumference is measured at what level?
junction of umbilical vein and portal vein
89
Asymmetric growth restriction occurs from an insult in what trimester?
3rd
90
What connective tissue disease can cause an asymmetric growth restriction?
ED
91
The systolic to diastolic ratio should not be greater than what at 34 weeks?
3
92
Aplastic humeral head and/or glenoid should make you think what neonatal issue?
erb palsy
93
What does rhombencephalon mean?
hindbrain
94
When is a cystic rhomboencephalon present?
6-8 weeks
95
What weeks of gestation does the midgut herniate?
9-11 weeks
96
Full or empty bladder to diagnose placenta previa?
empty
97
Full or empty bladder to diagnose placenta previa?
empty
98
A low lying placenta is within what distance of the cervix?
within 2 cm
99
What are the two risk factors for placenta creta spectrum?
prior c-section
placenta previa
100
What is a placental chorioangioma?
placental chorioangioma = placental hamartoma
101
Where is a placental chorioangioma located?
near the cord insertion
102
How does a placental chorioangioma relate to FHR?
will pulse at FHR
103
Multiple chorioangiomas can do what?
sequester platelets
lead to fetal hydrops
104
What are the normal vessels of the umbilical cord?
two arteries and one vein
105
In what two situations does a two vessel cord most often occur?
maternal diabetes and twin pregnancies
106
What is vasa previa?
fetal vessels that cross cervical os
107
Umbilical cord cysts that persist into the 3rd trimester may be indicative of what?
trisomy
108
Nuchal translucency should be less than what size/thickness?
3mm
109
What are the three most common findings with fetal hydrops?
1. ascites
2. pleural effusion
3. pericardial effusion
110
What is the banana sign? What condition will it be seen?
loss of normal bilobed shape of cerebellum
Chiari II/NTD
111
What is the lemon sign? What condition will it be seen?
flat/concave frontal bones
Chiari II/NTD
112
The size of the ventricular atrium greater than what size would be considered hydrocephalus?
10 mm
113
The incidence of a choroid plexus cyst is increased in what three diseases?
trisomies
turners
klinefelter
114
What is the most often location of an echogenic intracardiac focus? In what group of diseases are they most often seen?
calcification of the papillary muscle
trisomes
115
A shortened cervix is less than what length?
< 2.5 cm
116
What type of pregnancy is a twin peak sign seen? Is it composed of chorion or amnion?
dichorionic and diamniotic
chorion
117
Does twin twin transfusion occur in monochorionic or dichorionic twins?
mono
118
Regarding twin/twin transfusion, which twin does better, fat or skinny?
skinny
119
Twin Embolization Syndrome can only occur in a monochorionic or dichorionic pregnancy?
mono
