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Anatomy & Physiology > Reproductive Unit > Flashcards

Reproductive Unit Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

-didym

A

testes

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2
Q

-epi

A

beside

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3
Q

ejac-

A

to shoot forth

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4
Q

Gonads

A

Primary sex organs responsible for producing gametes and sex hormones

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5
Q

Acessory Reproductive Organs

A

Structures used to transport and nourish gametes prior to fertilization

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6
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

Tightly coiled in each testie. Where sperm is produced

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7
Q

Epididymis

A

Tightly coiled tube (6m). Where sperm matures in 20 days.

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8
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Where sperm goes after maturation

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9
Q

Ampulla of vas deferens

A

Where sperm is stored.

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10
Q

Ejaculation

A

Occurs after sexual stimulation. Sperm is expelled into ejaculatory duct and out the urethra.

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11
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Forms semen. provides sperm with nutrition and mobility through muscular contraction. Clotts the ejaculate.

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12
Q

Prostate gland

A

Thins semen for easier sperm movement. Provides citric acid for energy.

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13
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

An alkaline fluid used to neutralize the urethra and to lubricate the penis

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14
Q

Scrotum

A

Contains testes. Maintains ideal temp. for sperm survival which is 2-3 lower than normal body temp.

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15
Q

Cremaster muscles

A

Muscles control how near testes are to body based on outside temp

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16
Q

Penis

A

Structure that delivers sperm into the female repro. sys. Contains shaft, glans penis, and erectile tissue

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17
Q

Erectile Tissue

A

Spongy internal tissue that fills with blood during sexual excitement, causing an erection.

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18
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Process of sperm production. Begins with stem cells called spermatogonia

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19
Q

Spermatogonia

A

Divide through meiosis to create 4 spermatids with 23 chromosomes

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20
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Final process. Spermatids take final shape of mature sperm. Migrate towards lumen of seminiferous tubule

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21
Q

Head

A

Contains nucleus of sperm. Has acrosome on front portion that has enzymes to break into the egg.

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22
Q

Midpiece

A

Surrounded by mitochondria, gives sperm the energy to swim.

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23
Q

Tail

A

Provides movement of the sperm

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24
Q

Follicles

A

Clusters of cells surrounding egg (ova). Only abt 400 out of 400,000 follicles mature into eggs

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25
Ovulation
Release of mature egg
26
Path of mature ovum
Ovaries, fimbrae, infundibulum, uterine tubes/fallopian tubes, uteres
27
Cilia
Carry ovum to the uterus
28
Uterus
Hollow, muscular structure that receives and nourishes an egg as it becomes a baby
29
Parts of the uterus
Fundus: Superior portion Body: Hollow, middle portion Cervix: Inferior portion
30
Endometrium
Mucosal layer. Part that sheds during menstration
31
Myometrium
Muscular layer. Where contractions during childbirth and menstruation occur.
32
Perimetrium
Outer uterine wall.
33
Vagina
Receives penis during intercourse. Passage way for menstruation and childbirth
34
Vulva
Includes Mons pubis: fatty area with pubic hair Labia majora and minor: skin folds that protect the vestibule.
35
oo-
egg
36
salpingo-
uterine tube
37
Vestibule
Contains Clitoris, urethral opening, vaginal opening, and vestibular glands
38
Clitoris
Swells when sexually stimulated
39
Urethral opening
Purely for urine in female anatomy
40
Vestibular glands
Lubricates vagina during intercourse
41
Oogenesis
Process of egg development
42
Oogonia
Female stem cell. Before birth, oogonia divide and develop into primary oocytes. During puberty, an unequal meiotic division occurs, making polar bodies that die and the secondary oocyte is formed.
43
What happens if the secondary oocyte is fertilized?
2nd meiotic division will occur, producing another polar body and reducing the chromosomes to 23.
44
Corpus Luetum
Where follicle degenerates after ovulation if fertilization does not occur. Secretes progesterone that thickens the uterus lining.
45
Zygote
Male and female nuclei join to form this.
46
hyster-
uterus
47
men-
month
48
Testosterone
Produced in the interstitial cells of the testes. Responsible for maturation of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics.
49
LH
Produced in anterior pituitary and stimulates the production of testosterone
50
FSH
Produced in anterior pituitary. Stimulates sperm production
51
Secondary sex characteristics (males)
-Increased muscle mass Increased bone mass -Facial and pubic hair -Deepening of voice -Increased sex drive
52
Estrogen
Secreted by ovaries. Causes female secondary sex characteristics. Causes mammary glands to increase in size. Causes uterine lining in endometrium to thicken.
53
Progesterone
Produced by corpus luteum after ovulation. Helps to maintain the menstrual cycle
54
Secondary sex characteristics (females)
-Breast development -Pubic hair growth -Menstrual cycle -Widening of hips -Increased fat deposits on hips and breast
55
Mammary glands
Found in both sexes
56
Lobes of alveolar glands
Under skin, 15-25 lobes of alveolar glands are connected by connective tissue and fat
57
Lacitferous ducts
Where milk passes through during lacatiation
58
Uterine Cycle
Last 25 days, with ovulation on day 14.
59
Stages of uterine cycle (3)
Menstruation: Day 1-5 Proliferative: Day 6-14 Secretory: Day 14-28
60
Menstruation
Endometrium is shed through the vagina
61
Proliferative Phase
Follicles in ovaries grow and produce estrogens, which causes the endometrial lining to thicken again
62
Ovulation Phase
LH and FSH levels peak, causing the egg to be released from the ovary and into the uterine tube
63
Fertilization Window
Must occur 2 days before ovulation and up to 1 day afterwards
64
Acrosome
On tip of sperm cells. Releases enzymes to break down the protective barrier of the oocyte
65
What happens when one sperm penetrates the barrier?
The ovum releases granules that coat the outside of the ovum, preventing other sperm from pentetrating
66
Stages of Embryonic Development
Embryonic Dev: Fertilization (up to wk 8) Fetal Development: Week 9-Birth
67
Cleavage
Division of cells in embryo
68
Morula
16 celled embryo
69
Blastocysts
When morula divides into 100 cells. Implants into the uterine wall

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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