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AHW - exotics > reptiles > Flashcards

reptiles Flashcards

1.5.2.10 (7/5) (52 cards)

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1
Q

No LO about critical values in reptiles (HR, RR, body temp. etc)

Why not? (incl key term)

A

their metabolic rate depends on env temp

their body temp depends on env temp
(ectothermic)

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2
Q

name the 3 reptile orders (put in italics when you look through)

A

1) squamata

2) chelonia

3) crocodilia

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3
Q

reptile orders: give 2 animals from the squamata order

A

lizards
snakes

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4
Q

reptile orders: give 3 animals from the chelonia order

hint: all T’s

A

tortoises
turtles
terrapins

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5
Q

reptile orders: give an animal from the crocodilia order

A

alligators *dangerous animal license req

(crocodiles???)

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6
Q

reptiles - legalities

need to go over **

A
  • CITES lists species that cannot be taken from wild
  • require permits for import and sale (can only be if captive bred?????????)
  • imports: up to 5 can enter with owner without vet check?? but cannot import hatchlings without license???
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7
Q

define ‘captive bred’

A

parents bred in captivity

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8
Q

reptiles - legalities

license required for…
under the act…

A
  • venomous snake AND lizard species
  • crocodilia
  • Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976
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9
Q

the aims when keeping reptiles in captivity: 3

A
  • allows maintenance of good health
  • promotes natural behaviours
  • minimises negative impacts of captivity
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10
Q

cornsnakes in wild - natural behaviours

A
  • carnivores - whole prey (constrictors), every few days
  • forests/fields/wetlands
  • diurnal (active in day)
  • solitary
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11
Q

enclosure - size and shape

general point to note + 3 areas

A

dep on species, no of indiv., behaviour

  • large enough for temp gradient
  • 30-40% floor space for normal activity
  • size based on body length
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12
Q

enclosure - materials (6)

A
  • non-toxic
  • non-porous
  • easy to clean
  • easy to obtain and maintain
  • durable
  • not likely cause injury
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13
Q

temperature -

A

ectothermic (body temp dep on env temp)

req range of temps to thermoregulate

= POTZ (preferred optimum temp zone)

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14
Q

POTZ

what does it stand for?

what is it?

A

preferred optimum temp zone

optimum temp for normal healthy function

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15
Q

4 bodily functions that the POTZ is needed for:

A
  • feeding
  • digestion
  • reproduction
  • immunocompetence
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16
Q

POTZ varies by…(4)

A
  • species
  • time of day/year
  • physiological state
  • health status
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17
Q

“behavioural fever” (check properly)

A

reptile will seek out heat/raise own body temp above normal range

as a means of killing pathogens/fighting viruses that may cause clinical illness

process used in place of animal getting fever itself (e.g. from pathogen)?

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18
Q

heat - temperature gradient

A
  • hot and cold area:
    hot = at or above POTZ, cold = at or below POTZ
  • IN BOTH PLANES: left to right AND up and down
  • thermometers at height animal most likely to be at e.g. basking spot
  • cooler at night
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19
Q

3 examples of heat sources:

A

1) ceramic/incandescent bulb
2) heat pad/mat
3) hot rocks

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20
Q

heat sources - ceramic/incandescent bulb

points to note

A
  • basking species e.g. beardies
  • protective guard to prevent burns
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21
Q

heat sources - heat mats

points to note

Study These Flashcards
A
  • nocturnal/crepuscular species
    e.g. leopard gecko
  • outside viv?
  • can provide heat at night
  • not covering more than 1/3 to 1/2 floor area (??)
22
Q

heat sources - hot rocks

points to note

Study These Flashcards
A

too hot

uncontrollable/unpredictable

not recommended

23
Q

lighting - types of light needed

Study These Flashcards
A
  • lizards and chelonians = full spectrum (UVA, UVB, visible light)
  • infrared = heat
  • visible light = reproductive behaviour
24
Q

lighting - points to note (not to do with types of lighting)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • bulbs changed regularly per manufacturer guidance (usually 6 months)
  • correct distance from reptile (UV damage/skin tumours)
  • light must be inside viv - UV doesn’t travel through glass
  • daylight vs nighttime setting required (??)
  • NOT hot spot (??)
25
substrate - properties
- non-irritant - non-toxic - easy to clean/obtain/replace *species dependant - messy eaters = food on floor, if floor sand = eating sand = impactions*
26
pros and cons of substrates - apparently Table 3.7 pp. 40, BSAVA reptiles​?? do this
27
humidity: 1) associated with? 2) measured using? 3) done/maintained using?
1) temp - hotter = harder to keep humid 2) hygrometer 3) spraying/misting/drip systems/humidifiers/moss and peat
28
humidity - consequences when too high
[varies by species - natural hab e.g. desert vs rainforest] - dyseccdysis (abnormal shedding-snakes) - renal failure (due to chronically dehyd.) - green iguanas
29
humidity - consequences when too low
[varies by species - natural hab e.g. desert vs rainforest] - fungal and bacterial dermatitis
30
ventilation
air changes (not just movement - fresh air) = red. odours and prev. pathogen build up careful balance with temp and humidity passive e.g. ventilation holes active e.g. fans
31
diet - carnivorous species
whole prey items (not just meat chunks)
32
diet - herbivorous species
- leafy weeds and veg (not fruit) based diets - finely chopped = red. selective feeding
33
diet - omnivorous species
[same as carnivore and herbivore, PLUS:] insect based diet (mealworms, crickets etc.)
34
diet - herbivores AVOID... (research why)
High oxalates foods (reduce Ca availability) e.g. parsley, spinach, romaine lettuce, spring greens​ Brassicas e.g. cabbage, kale, broccoli (goitrogenic)​ High phytate containing foods e.g. cereals and legumes (reduce P, Ca and Fe uptake)​ Pellets (too high in energy and protein)
35
snake diets - note...
- do not handle within 24-48hrs - amount and freq = dep on species and age - regular weighing and BCS to get amount and freq right - can alter feeding to manage behaviour e.g. over active snake = feed MORE FREQ to calm down
36
diet - supplementation (2types)
Ca Multivitamins incl VitD
37
diet - supplementation 2 ways in which Ca supplements are given
1) dusting - food coated in supplement 2) gut loading - the insects (that will be fed to reptile) are themselves fed a 'meal' on the supplement/nutritious 'meal'
38
COMMON BEHAVIOURS
- CLIMBING/HIDING/BATHING - THERMOREGULATION - BRUMATION - AGGRESSION
39
what is brumation?
reptile hibernation
40
common behaviour - brumation
- not all species - trigger = dropping env temp - red. in metabolic rate and oxygen demand - uses fat reserves (if brumate with poor BCS = often don't survive)
41
common behaviours - aggression
- head bopping/tail whipping/hissing/rearing up - territorial displays - part of normal behaviour repatoire in some species - important to keep in socially appt situations (some are solitary - keep out of contact with other snakes) - tongue flick = NOT SIGN OF AGGRESSION
42
SEX DETERMINATION - bearded dragons
femoral pores = more prominent in males hemipene bulges = 2 in males, none in females
43
SEX DETERMINATION - snakes
hemipene probing
44
SEX DETERMINATION - chelonians
TAIL - male longer e.g. Hermann PLASTRON - males concave (but can be unreliable) CARAPACE - male margin tucked, flared female
45
the main cause of health and welfare problems in reptiles:
INADEQUATE HUSBANDRY
46
NAME 4 REPTILE HEALTH PROBLEMS
- musculoskeletal issues - GI issues - skin/shell issues - respiratory disease
47
musculoskeletal issues (name 3 and OUTLINE)
metabolic bone disease (fractures/bone deformities) gout (uric acid crystals form in joints (e.g. if diet too high in protein)) Overgrown nails and beak
48
GI issues (bresk down more - basially copy pasted)
Gut impaction (sand +/- wood chip substrate) Endoparasites (worms) Regurgitation Endoparasites Handling too Anorexia (lots of causes including stress, inadequate set up, systemic illness, dehydration)
49
skin and shell issues
Burns and scalds (cover bulbs) Ectoparasites e.g. snake mites Tumours (UV damage) Dyseccdysis including retained spectacles Trauma (e.g. fighting, enclosure design, “pushing”) Shell pyramiding Soft shell (metabolic bone disease) Stomatitis (mouth inflammation)
50
respiratory disease:
Inadequate ventilation High temperatures/low humidity – drying of mucous membranes Low temperatures – reduced immunity Poor hygiene Small vivarium (snakes) – not able to clear discharges Nutritional deficiencies
51
define carapace
upper shell
52
define plastron
lower shell

AHW - exotics (10 decks)

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