Required Formulas

Question 1

teaspoon (tsp) to milliliters (mL)

Answer 1

1 tsp = 5 mL

Question 2

tablespoon (T) to milliliters (mL)

Answer 2

1 T = 15 mL

Question 3

fluid oz to milliliters (mL)

Answer 3

1 fl oz = 30 mL (actual 29.57)

Question 4

cup to oz

Answer 4

1 cup = 8 oz (240 mL)

Question 5

pint to oz

Answer 5

1 pint = 16 oz (480 mL)

Question 6

quart to pint

Answer 6

1 quart = 2 pints (960 mL)

Question 7

gallon to quart

Answer 7

1 gallon = 4 quarts (3,840 mL)

Question 8

kilogram (kg) to pounds (lbs)

Answer 8

1 kg = 2.2 lb

Question 9

oz to grams (g)

Answer 9

1 oz = 28.4 g

Question 10

pounds (lb) to grams (g)

Answer 10

1 lb = 454 g

Question 11

grains to miligrams (mg)

Answer 11

1 grain = 65 mg (actual 64.8)

Question 12

mEq to mmol

Answer 12

monovalent ions = 1 mEq : 1 mmol

dilavent ions = 1 mEq : 0.5 mmol

Question 13

inch (in) to centimeters (cm)

Answer 13

1 in = 2.54 cm

Question 14

meter (m) to centimeters (cm)

Answer 14

1 m = 100 cm

Question 15

% w/v

Answer 15

x g/100 mL

Question 16

% w/w

Answer 16

x g/100 g

Question 17

% v/v

Answer 17

x mL/ 100 mL

Question 18

percentage strength

Answer 18

100 / ratio strength

Question 19

ratio strength

Answer 19

100 / percnetage strength

Question 20

parts per million (PPM) to percentage strength

Answer 20

move the decimal left 4 places

Question 21

percentage strength to parts per million (PPM)

Answer 21

move the decimal right 4 places

Question 22

specific gravity

Answer 22

weight of substance (g) / weight of equal volume of water (g; mL)

Question 23

osmolarity (mOsmol/L)

Answer 23

( weight of substance in g/L / molecular weight in g/mole) x # of particles x 1,000

Question 24

Isotonicity (E value)

Answer 24

E = (58.5 x i) / (MW of drug x 1.8)

Question 25

moles

Answer 25

moles = g/MW

Question 26

mEq

Answer 26

(mg x valence) / MW

Question 27

correct calcium

Answer 27

Ca(corrected) = calcium + [(4-albumin) x 0.8]

Question 28

parenteral nutritional calories: dextrose

Answer 28

dextrose = 3.4 kcal/gram

Question 29

parenteral nutritional calories: amino acids

Answer 29

amino acid solutions = 4 kcal/gram

Question 30

parenteral nutritional calories: fat

Answer 30

fat = 9 kcal/gram

Question 31

total energy expenditure

Answer 31

TEE = BEE x activity factor x stress factor

Question 32

grams of nitrogen from protein

Answer 32

nitrogen (g) = protein intake (g) / 6.25

Question 33

creatinine clearance (cockcroft-gault)

Answer 33

CrCl = (140-age)/(72xSCr) x weight (kg) x 0.85 (if female)

Question 34

BMI

Answer 34

BMI (kg/m^2) = weight (kg) / height^2 (m) | BMI = weight (lb) / height^2 (in) x 703

Question 35

ideal body weight (IBW)

Answer 35

IBW (males) = 50kg + (2.3 x inches over 60) | IBW (females) = 45.5 + (2.3 x inches over 60)

Question 36

adjusted body weight (AdjBW)

Answer 36

AdjBW = IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW)

Question 37

anion gap (AG)

Answer 37

AG = Na - Cl - HCO3

Question 38

ANC (cells/m^3)

Answer 38

ANC = WBC x [(%segs + %bands)/100]

Question 39

celcius to fahrenheit

Answer 39

C = (F-32)/1.8

Question 40

fahrenheit to celcius

Answer 40

F = (Cx1.8) + 32

Question 41

risk

Answer 41

risk = number of subjects with unfavorable event / total number of subjects

Question 42

risk reduction (RR)

Answer 42

RR = risk in treatment group / risk in control group

Question 43

relative risk reduction (RRR)

Answer 43

RRR = (% risk in control - % risk in treatment) / % risk in control

Question 44

number needed to treat (NNT)

Answer 44

NNT = 1/ ARR

Question 45

absolute risk reduction (ARR)

Answer 45

ARR = %risk in control - %risk in treatment

Question 46

rule of 500 for rapid acting insulin (carb ratio)

Answer 46

500 / total daily dose of insulin (TDD) = grams of carbs covered by 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin

Question 47

rule of 450 for regular insulin (carb ratio)

Answer 47

450 / total daily dose of insulin (TDD) = grams of carbs covered by 1 unit of regular insulin

Question 48

1,800 rule (correction factor for rapid-acting insulin)

Answer 48

1,800 / TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin

Question 49

1,500 rule (correction factor for regular insulin)

Answer 49

1,500 / TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of regular insulin

Question 50

LDL

Answer 50

LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5) | *do not use if TG > 400

Question 51

BSA

Answer 51

BSA = square root[(cm x kg)/3600]

Question 52

half-life

Answer 52

t1/2 = 0.693 / ke

Question 53

phenytoin correction

Answer 53

phenytoin corrected = total measured phenytoin / [(0.2x albumin) + 0.1]