Required Formulas GIRL Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
1 tsp = __ ml
A
5 ml = __ tsp
2
Q
1 fl oz = ___ ml
A
actual 30 mL or approx. 29.57 mL = ___ fl oz
3
Q
1 cup = ___ fl oz
A
8 fl oz = ____ cup(s)
4
Q
1 cup = ____ mL
A
approx. 240 ml or actual 236. 56 mL = ____ cup(s)
5
Q
1 pint = _____ oz
A
16 oz = _____ pint
6
Q
1 pint = ____ mL
A
approx. 480 mL or actual 473 mL = _____ pint
7
Q
1 quart = ______ pint(s)
A
2 pints = _____ quart(s)
8
Q
1 quart = _____ mL
A
960 mL (approx.) or 946 mL (actual) = ___ quart
9
Q
1 gallon = _____ quart(s)
A
4 quarts = _______ gallon (s)
10
Q
1 gallon = ______ mL
A
3,840 mL (approx) or 3785 mL (actual) = _____ gallon
11
Q
1 kg = ____ lbs
A
2.2 lbs = _____ kg
12
Q
1 oz = _____ g
A
28.4 g = ______ 1 oz
13
Q
1 lb = _______ g
A
454 g = _____ lb
14
Q
1 grain = ____ mg
A
65 mg (approx) or 64.8 mg (actual) = ______ grain
15
Q
mEq to mmol ratio for monovalent ions
A
1:1
16
Q
mEq to mmol ratio for divalent ions
A
1: 0.5
17
Q
1 in = _____ cm
A
2.54 cm = _____ in
18
Q
1 meter = _____ cm
A
100 cm = ______ meter (s)
19
Q
formula for percentage strength %w/w
A
X g/ 100 g = % __?__/__?__
20
Q
Formula for percentage strength %w/v
A
Xg/100 mL
21
Q
Formula for percentage strength %v/v
A
X ml/100 mL
22
Q
Formula for ratio strength
A
= 100/percentage strength
23
Q
Formula for percentage strength
A
= 100/ratio strength
24
Q
How do you convert parts per million (PPM) to percent strength
A
Move the decimal left 4 places
25
How do you convert percentage strength to parts per million (PPM)
Move the decimal to the right 4 places
26
What is the formula for specific gravity
_______ = weight of substance (g)/weight of equal volume of water (g or mL)
27
What is the formula for dilution and concentration when changing the strength or quantity of something
Q1 (old quantity) X C1 (old concentration) = Q2 (new quantity) X C2 (new concentration)
28
What is the layout for completing an alligation problem
High % -------> X parts of High %
Desired %
Low % --------> X parts of Low %
29
What is the formula for finding the osmolarity of something? (mOsmol/L)
= [Wt of a substance (g/L) / Molecular weight (g/mole) ] X # of dissociation particles X 1000
You are usually solving for g/L and remember the dissociation particles
30
What is the formula for isotonicity (E value)
E = (58.5 x i) / (MW of drug) (1.8)
31
Formula for moles
= g/mw
32
Formula for mmol
= mg/mw
33
Formula for mEq
= mg x valence / MW or = mmols x valence
34
How many kcals are in 1g of protein or amino acid solution or carbohydrate
4 kcals are in 1g of ______ or _________
35
How many kcals are in 1g of Dextrose monohydrate
3.4 kcals are in 1g of ______
36
How many kcals are in 1 g of fat
9 kcals are in 1g of ______
37
ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 10% = ____ kcal/mL
ILE ____% = 1.1 kcal/mL
38
ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 20% = ____ kcal/mL
ILE ____ % = 2 kcal/mL
39
ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 30% = ____ kcal/mL
ILE ____% = 3 kcal/mL
40
What is the formula for determining fluid needs
When weight is > 20 kg: use
1,500 mL + (20 mL)(weight in kg - 20)
we can estimate using 30-40 ml/kg/day
41
Total energy expenditure (TEE)
= BEE x activity factor x stress factor
42
Grams of nitrogen from protein
grams of _______ = protein intake (g)/6.25
43
Corrected calcium for albumin < 3.5 (not needed with ionized Ca)
_________ mg/dL = reported serum calcium + [(4.0 -albumin) x 0.8]
44
BMI (kg/m^2)
weight (kg)/height (m^2) OR weight (lbs)/height (in^2) x 703
45
Cockroft Gault (CrCl)
____ = [(140- age) x weight (kg)]/72 x Scr
____ = 0.85 x [(140- age) x weight (kg)]/72 x Scr
46
IBW males vs females
50 kg + 2.3 (inches > 60in or 5 feet)
45.5 + 2.3 (inches > 60in or 5 feet)
47
Adjusted BW
= IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW)
48
What weight should you use to dose Roberta's drugs if she is underweight
Total Body weight
49
What weight should you use to dose Roberta's acylcovir, aminophylline, theophylline, or levothyroxine?
IBW should definitely be used to dose which drugs
50
When should you use AdjBW and for patients on aminoglycosides
for obese patients on aminglycosides
51
How do you calculate the flow rates/drop factor (drops/min)
(#drops/mL) X (ml/hr) X (hr / 60 min) =
52
What is the BUN:Scr ratio that indicates dehydration
BUN:Scr > 20:1 means the patient is _______
53
ABG (arterial blood gas) consists of
pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2sat
54
pH < 7.35 would mean Roberta is in what state
acidosis state is pH < _____
55
pH > 7.45 would mean Roberta is in what state
alkaline state is when pH> ______
56
What do significant changes in pCO2 indicate
pCO2 < 35 --> respiratory alkalosis
pCO2 > 45 ---> respiratory acidosis
pCO2 is acidic and related to respiration
57
What do significant changes in HCO3- indicate
HCO3- > 26 --> alkalosis
HCO3- < 22 --> acidosis
HCO3- is alkaline and related to metabolism (regulated by kidneys; eventually taken to lungs through blood then converted to CO2 and excreted)
58
pCO2 > 45 + pH < 7.35 means
respiratory acidosis means ____ pH and ____ pCO2
59
pCO2 < 35 + pH > 7.45 means
respiratory alkalosis means _____ pH and ____ pCO2
60
HCO3 - > 26 + pH > 7.45 means
metabolic alkalosis means _____ pH and _____ HCO3-
61
HCO3- < 22 + pH < 7.35 means
metabolic acidosis means _____ pH and ____ HCO3-
62
Anion gap (AG) formula and use
= Na - Cl - HCO3-
It's an important diagnostic tool for the cause of metabolic acidosis. The difference in sum of cations vs anions = the anion gap. Normal values: 3-11 mEq
63
formula for weak acid
pH = pKa + log [salt/acid]
64
formula for weak base
pH = pKa + log [base/salt]
65
Calculating percent ionization for Weak acid
% ionization = 100/ [1+(10^pKa-pH)]
66
Calculating percent ionization for Weak base
% ionization = 100/ [1+(10^pH-pKa)]
67
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) (cells/mm^3)
= WBC x [(% segs + % bands)/100]
68
Celsius to Farenheit conversion
F= (C* 1.8) + 32
69
Celsius to Farenheit conversion
F = (C x 1.8) + 32
70
Time to Burn (with sunscreen in min)=
SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)
71
What does the mode in biostatistics represent
the value that occurs most frequently
72
What is the formula to calculate risk in biostatistics
R = # subjects in group with unfavorable event/ total # subjects
73
What is the formula to calculate relative risk (RR)
= risk in treatment group/risk in control group
74
What is the formula to calculate Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)
=(% risk in control group - % risk in the treatment group)/ % risk in the control group
75
What is the absolute risk reduction (ARR)
= (% risk in control group) - (% risk in treatment group)
76
What is the formula for number needed to treat (NNT) or number needed to harm (NNH)
=1/Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR - expressed as decimal)
77
What is the formula for calculating Odds ratio (OR)
= [(outcome present + exposure present) X (outcome absent + exposure absent)] / [(outcome present + exposure absent) X (outcome absent + exposure present)]
[(present + present) x (absent + absent)] / [(present + absent) x (absent + present)]
78
Hazard Ratio (HR)
Hazard rate in TREATMENT group/hazard rate in CONTROL group
79
Incremental cost effectiveness ratio
= (C2-C1)/(E2-E1)
C= costs , E = effects
80
Pack per Year Smoking History Calculator
____ = Cigarette packs/day x years smoked
81
Total daily dose of insulin (TDD) & choosing basal & rapid acting doses
____ =0.5 u/kg/day using TBW
Dividing in half will give you the amount needed for basal and rapid acting (split among meals) - if they're on insulin regular, then 2/3 basal and 1/3 rapid acting.
82
Carb ratio for insulin regular
Rule of 450:
450/TDD = grams of carbs covered by 1 u regular of insulin
83
Carb ratio for rapid acting insulin
Rule of 500:
500/TDD = grams of carbs covered by 1 u of rapid acting insulin
84
Correction factor for regular insulin
Rule 1,500:
1,500/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of regular insulin
85
Correction factor Rapid acting insulin
Rule 1,800:
1,800/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of rapid acting insulin
86
How to correct the insulin dose
(blood glucose now - target blood glucose) / correction factor = correction dose
87
Friedwald Equation for Dyslipidemia
LDL = TC - HDL - (TG*/5) (Do not use if TG= is 400)
88
Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) for compounding
Sensitivity requirement /acceptable error rate (usually 0.5)
89
BSA calculations
BSA (m^2) = square root of [(cm x kg)/3600]
90
Bioavailability (F)
F(%) = 100 x (AUC extravascular/AUC intravenous) x (Dose intravenous/Dose extravascular)
91
Volume of distribution
Vd = amount of drug in body/concentration of drug in plasma
92
Clearance
Cl = (F x dose)/AUC or Cl = ke x Vd
93
Elimination rate constant
ke= Cl/Vd
94
Predicting Drug Concentrations
C2 = C1 x e^-kt , ke = ln * (C1/C2)/t
95
Half life Calculation
t1/2 = 0.693/ke
96
Loading dose
(Desired concentration x Vd)/F
97
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
(2*diastolic pressure) + systolic pressure)/3
98
Phenytoin total correction for albumin < 3.5
Phenytoin corrected (mcg/ml) = total phenytoin measured/((0.2 * albumin) + 0.1)
99
Drug dose conversion: oral KCl to tablets
KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL
100
Percent elemental calcium in calcium carbonate
= 40% elemental calcium
101
Percent elemental calcium in calcium citrate
= 21% elemental calcium
102
Aminophylline conversion to theophylline or vice versa
ATM (A to T multiply by 0.8)
Theophylline to Aminophylline is divide by .8
103
Drug dose conversion: Statins
Pitavastatin 2 mg
Rosuvastatin 5 mg
Atorvastatin 10 mg
Simvastatin 20 mg
Lovastatin 40 mg & Pravastatin 40 mg
Fluvastatin 80 mg
104
Metoprolol IV:PO conversion
1 IV : 2.5 PO
105
Drug dose conversion: Loop Diuretics
Ethacrynic acid 50 mg
Furosemide 40 mg
Torsemide 20 mg
Bumetanide 1 mg
106
Furosemide IV to PO conversion
IV:PO =1 : 2
107
Converting loop diuretics from IV to PO (excluding furosemide)
IV:PO 1 : 1
108
Elemental iron in ferrous sulfate
20% of elemental iron
109
Dose conversions between insulins (excluding teujeo or NPH)
1:1
110
Dose conversions between insulin NPH BID to daily glargine
Use 80% of the NPH daily dose to get daily glargine dose
111
Dose conversions between Toujeo insulin and glargine or detemir
Use 80% of toujeo dose to get to daily glargine or detemir dose
112
Levothyroxine conversion from IV to PO
IV:PO = 0.75:1
113
Dose Conversions between Steroids
Cortisone 25 mg
Hydrocortisone 20 mg
Prednisone 5 mg & Prednisolone 5 mg
Methylprednisolone 4 mg & Triamcinolone 4 mg
Dexamethasone 0.75 mg
Betamethasone 0.6 mg
114
Opioids methodology?? look this up on page 762
115
Number of dissociation particles in dextrose and mannitol
1
116
Number of dissociation particles in
Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2)
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
2
117
Number of dissociation particles in Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
3
118
Number of dissociation particles in Sodium Citrate (Na3C6,H5,O7)
4
119
lithium 5 ml citrate syrup =
300 mg lithium carbonate
= 8 mEq lithium ion
