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1st Sem > Research 2 > Flashcards

Research 2 Flashcards

1
Q

building blocks of the scientific enterprise. They are the “how” for building systematic knowledge

A

Research methods

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2
Q

knowledge simply means that it is based on observation, direct or indirect, or in other words, on experienc

A

empirical approach

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3
Q

recall or favor the information or interpretation that fits with one’s existing beliefs.

A

confirmation bias

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4
Q

rely on the most recent information we have or only consider the immediate examples that come to mind on a topic, which may not represent all the information very accurately.

A

availability bias

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5
Q

may be in the form of numbers, which are analyzed statistically

A

data

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6
Q

one deduces a proof in mathematics on the basis of certain assumptions and definitions

A

deduction

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7
Q

unified explanation of observations, some
of which may otherwise appear contradictory

A

theory

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8
Q

research provides a “ground-up” approach, using observations and conclusions to formulate a theory

A

inductive approach

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9
Q

It can also be considered a “top-down” approach because the theory precedes the data collection

A

deductive approach

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10
Q

methodological approach that closely links theory development and research through an iterative approach

A

Grounded theory

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11
Q

neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is receiving the treatment.

A

double-blind

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12
Q

which means that either the participant or the researcher does not know who received a treatment and who did not

A

blind

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13
Q

(basic statistical characteristics of
humans that are used as identity markers, such as socioeconomic status, gender, or age)

A

demographics

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14
Q

investigates potential cause-and-effect relationships between variables but are unable to manipulate or randomly assign participants

A

causal-comparative study (sometimes called an ex
post facto study)

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15
Q

describe the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of a population.

A

survey/polls

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16
Q

researchers are interested in the degree of relationship among two or more quantitative variables

A

correlational research

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17
Q

interview everyone in a population

A

census

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18
Q

capture similarity or change over a period of time

A

longitudinal research

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19
Q

implies that the individuals being studied have voluntarily agreed to participate in a given research project

A

participants

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20
Q

When individuals are being observed without their consent

A

subjects

21
Q

awareness of an interesting research problem may come from multiple sources
including new developments in industry or in a reference discipline

A

Awareness of Problem

22
Q

essentially a creative step wherein new functionality is envisioned based on a novel configuration of either existing or new and existing elements

A

Suggestion

23
Q

artifact is evaluated according to criteria that are always implicit and frequently made explicit in the proposal

A

Evaluation

24
Q

This phase could be just the end of a research cycle or is the finale of a specific
research effort

A

conclusion

25
Q

The tentative design is further developed and implemented in this phas

A

development

26
Q

artifacts already exist

A

routine

27
Q

artifacts does not exist

A

innovative

28
Q

knowledge in the form of constructs, techniques and methods, models, theory for mapping - the know how for creating artifacts that satisfy given sets of functional requirements

A

design science

29
Q

research that creates this type of missing knowledge using design, analysis, and reflection

A

design science research

30
Q

perform design by following exisitng standards and codes that outline steps and computations for certain products or systems

A

routine design

31
Q
  • study of design itself and designers
  • research into or about design
A

design research

32
Q

using design as a research method or technique

A

DSR

33
Q

set of steps (an algorithm or guideline) used to perform a task.

A

method

34
Q

Twenty-three of the doctors involved with the experiments faced trial for crimes committed under the guise of “research.” In direct response to this trial, a set of 10 principles, called the ________ was formulated to define legitimate medical research

A

Nuremberg Code

35
Q

U.S. Public Health Service followed a group of black men for 40 years, from 1932 until 1972, in order to learn about
syphilis as a disease and understand its progression when untreated

A

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

36
Q

Most institutions where research is conducted have an ethics review process. At colleges and universities, the review committee is commonly called

A

Institutional Review
Board

37
Q

research should strive to do no harm, to maximize possible benefits, and to use a research design that is best suited to minimize risks and maximize benefits

A

principle of beneficence
or
The Belmont Report

38
Q

means that research subjects are all treated equitably

A

justice

39
Q

individuals are free to make choices
and participate in research voluntarily

A

autonomy

40
Q

process that involves informing a participant about research and obtaining consent to participate in it

A

informed consent

41
Q

specifically addressed medical research, it also applies to research in the social sciences.

A

Declaration of Helsinki

42
Q

presents three basic principles of ethical treatment of human participants underlying all medical and behavioral research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice (Belmont Report, 1979)

A

Belmont Report

43
Q

Ethical research also requires the researcher to protect the
well-being of participants.

A

Beneficence

44
Q

On a practical level, this provision requires that research participants enter into participation voluntarily and be fully
informed

A

Respect for persons

45
Q

The principle of justice states that both the researcher and the participant should share the costs and potential benefits of the research

A

Justice

46
Q

Belmont Report components

A
  1. respect for persons
  2. beneficence
  3. justice
47
Q

comprehensive document specifying the ethical responsibilities of psychologists and researchers

A

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 2002

48
Q

means that you must assure your participants that they cannot be identified as participants in your study

A

Anonymity

49
Q

means that you guarantee the security of their responses

A

Confidentiality

1st Sem (16 decks)

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