research

Question 1

purpose is to discover answers to questions through the scientific procedures

Answer 1

research

Question 2

This study describes the characteristics of an individual/situation/group. Ex narrative case studies

Answer 2

Descriptive studies

Question 3

this study is to test a statement about the causal relationship between variables

Answer 3

testing causal hypotheses

Question 4

this is a conjectural statement (prediction) of the relation between two or more variables

Answer 4

hypothesis

Question 5

this study’s purpose is to determine the way in which something is associated with something else.

Answer 5

correlation studies

Question 6

correlation implies association, ____causation

Answer 6

not

Question 7

This study focuses on gaining familiarity with phenomenon to gain new insights to formulate a more precise research problem or develop a hypothses

Answer 7

exploratory or formulative studies

Question 8

cause

Answer 8

independent variable

Question 9

effect

Answer 9

dependent vairable

Question 10

this variable is manipulatedcontrolled by the experimenter

Answer 10

independent

Question 11

the treatment is the _________ variable and the outcome is the _________ variable

Answer 11

independent; dependent

Question 12

This design compares a control group (no treatment group) with experimental group.

Answer 12

Experimental group design

Question 13

Compares variable before and after treatment.

AB

Answer 13

pre-post design.

difficult to rule out alternative causes of change

Question 14

this design studies single individual treatment.

Baseline, treatment, withdraw of treatment

Answer 14

Single subject design

ABA

Question 15

In some cases is it unethical to complete a single subject design?

Answer 15

Yes, as it allows to withdraw treatment and if patient is at risk for harm this could be a problem.

Question 16

In a crisis are you able to establish a baseline?

Answer 16

NO, you would not delay treatment to find a baseline

Question 17

can you get the same answers repeatedly

Answer 17

reliability;

Question 18

are we measuring what we think we are measuring?

accuracy

Answer 18

valididty

Question 19

can results be generalized to other groups, settings, or times

Answer 19

external validity

Question 20

did the experimental treatments make a difference in this instance?

Answer 20

internal validity

Question 21

this describes the data

Answer 21

descriptive statistics

Question 22

generalizations are made about a population by studying a subset or sample

Answer 22

inferential statistics

ANOVA, t-test, chi square

Question 23

test of statistical significance difference between sample means

Answer 23

t-test

Question 24

test of statistical significance that measures the difference between observed frequencies and expected frequencies due to chance. Values less that .05 are statistically signifiant

Answer 24

chi square

Question 25

This scale categories have logical order and are scaled according to the amount of the particular characteristic they posess

Answer 25

ordinal scale | ordering football teams according to number of games won, arranging students according to height

Question 26

This scale classifies objects into catagories

Answer 26

nominal scale

Question 27

this scale allows differences between various levels of the categories on any part of the scale to have the same differences. Zero=is just another point of the scale

Answer 27

Interval scale | Fahrenheight

Question 28

equal differences in the characteristic are represented by equal differences in the number assigned to the categories. Zero= absence of the characteristic.

Answer 28

Ratio scale | miles per hour, weight, length

Question 29

Each individual within a population has an equal chance of being selected for the study and all members of the sample or selected independently of one another

Answer 29

Random sampling

Question 30

True or False: True experiments must have random assignment of subjects

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Occurs when individuals selected for the study are assigned to experimental or control groups according to chance

Answer 31

random assignment

Question 32

This results from the collection of evidence in such a way that one alternative answer to a question is favored over another.

Answer 32

Bias

Question 33

True or False: in test administration bias occurs when experimenters administer the test differently.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

no difference or no relationship between the variables tested

Answer 34

null hypothosis

Question 35

probability that difference is due to chance | p> .05

Answer 35

level of significance; statistical significance

Question 36

This type of research examines previous methods which helps to design interventions they want to test.

Answer 36

developmental research

Question 37

Thomas believes ______________________ may be the single most appropriate model of research for SW as it uses methods directed explicitly towards analysis, development and evaluation of the means by which SW objectives are achieved.

Answer 37

Devlopmental research

Question 38

True or False It is important for a SW to know the stages of research in order to determine credibility of research and how to evaluate each stage.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

1. Problem formulation 2. Research measurement design 3. Data analysis

Answer 39

stages of research process

Question 40

``` problem statement definition of concepts specification of hypotheses statement of assumptions These all need to be clarified under what stage of research? ```

Answer 40

Problem formulation

Question 41

This type of research seeks to describe actual events as they occur. They look at observations and/or interviews.

Answer 41

Qualitative: it is difficult to show reliability and validity in this type of research.

Question 42

This research design focuses on a number of people (family, larger systems) how have experienced a similar event.

Answer 42

Group design

Question 43

This type of design looks at an individual person/event and can follow the scientific method.

Answer 43

single case design

Question 44

This type of design is used when very little is known about the subject

Answer 44

exploratory design

Question 45

This design must have an independent variable, other variables are measured so that their effects can be accounted for or that such variables are the same in all subjects. The subjects must be randomly selected

Answer 45

explanatory design

Question 46

The task of the _________ is to select a design that is appropriate for the hypotheses that was proposed and that all results occur as a result of the experimental manipulation rather than a result of other events

Answer 46

researcher

Question 47

This is used to determine what the relationship is likely to be among several variables

Answer 47

inferential statistics

Question 48

1. how to collect data 2. what instrument to use 3 how to code and analyze data 4 how to relate the data to the original problem These are questions relating to __________?

Answer 48

research measurement design