Research Flashcards
4 Sources of Knowledge
1) Tradition
2) Authority
3) Trial and Error (Pilot Study)
4) Logical Reasoning
Define Research
the studying of a problem in pursuit of a definite objective through employing precise methods followed by analysis
Define Tradition
generally accepted knowledge
Define Authority
source of knowledge based on the idea that experts have more experience therefore are more knowledgeable
Define Trial and Error
Source of knowledge in which you attempt a solution and evaluate the effect
2 Types of Logical Reasoning
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Reasoning that proceeds from general observation to specific information
Inductive Reasoning
Reasoning that proceeds from specific to whole information
Which “scientific method” or source of knowledge is a top-down or confirmatory approach?
Deductive Reasoning
Which “scientific method” or source of knowledge is a bottom-up or confirmatory approach?
Inductive Reasoning
Where can research be done?
colleges and universities
clinical setting
5 Phases of the Research Process
1) Develop the research question
2) Design the study (Method)
3) Collect the data
4) Analyze the data
5) Summary and Conclusion
H(o)
Null Hypothesis or Statistical Hypothesis
Refers to a general position that there is no relationship or difference between groups or variables in a study
H(a)
Alternate Hypothesis or Research Hypothesis
Statement that predicts there is a difference or relationship between groups or variables and it will be demonstrated in a study’s the results
Which hypothesis do we want to reject and which do we want to accept?
Reject the nullAccept the alternate
*This confirms that the study’s results are not due to chance
Who should do research and why?
Members of the profession and Undergraduate and graduate programs, because they have better idea of the needs for research and can best design strategies to meet those needs
p-value
This is the probability that a statistical finding occurred due to chance
*the chance of you making an error
Which hypothesis do we test?
Null hypothesis
What is the predetermined significance level of the p-value?
0.05 or 5%
If p=0.02 which hypothesis do we reject and which do we accept?
we reject the null and accept the alternate
If p=0.07 which hypothesis do we reject and which do we accept?
we accept the null and rejectthe alternate
What in laymen’s terms does it mean if the p-value is 0.05?
The odds of not rejecting the null hypothesis 5 out of 100
Describe Phase One of a Research Process
First you must identify the problem. From there you should do a literature review and then identify the variables and based on all of that stat the null hypothesis
Describe Phase Two of a Research Process
This is where you must design your protocol including subject selection and all testing methods
