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Research Methodology > Research Design: Quantitative > Flashcards

Research Design: Quantitative Flashcards

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1
Q

Arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure

A

Research design

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2
Q

Enumerate the types of research design

A

Quantitative

Qualitative

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3
Q

Collection method used to inquire into a problem, issue, question or theory of interest to a researcher, measured in a systematic way and data is analyzed with statistics

A

Quantitative Research

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4
Q

In Quantitative Research, a question or theory, composed of variables, is measured in

A

systematic way

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5
Q

In Quantitative Research, data are analyzed with

A

statistical procedures

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6
Q

Only type of research design that directly attempts to influence a particular variable

A

Experimental research design

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7
Q

best type for testing hypothesis about cause and effect relationship

A

Experimental research design

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8
Q

In Experimental research design, independent variable is referred to as the

A

experimental or treatment variable

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9
Q

In Experimental research design, dependent variable is also known as the

A

criterion or outcome variable

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10
Q

Characteristics of Experimental Research Design

A

Comparison of groups
Manipulation of independent variable
Randomization

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11
Q

Usually involves an experimental or treatment group and a control or comparison group

A

Comparison of groups

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12
Q

the researcher deliberately and directly determines what forms the independent variable will take and which group will get which form and how will they get it

A

Manipulation of independent variable

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13
Q

Manipulation of independent variable may be established by:

A

One form of variable versus another
Presence versus absence of a particular form
Varying degrees of the same form

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14
Q

Means that every individual who is participating in an experiment has equal chance of being assigned to any of the experimental or control conditions being compared

A

Random Assignment

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15
Q

Means that every member of the population has equal chance of being a member of the sample

A

Random Selection

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16
Q

Minimizing or Eliminating Threats due to Subject Characteristics

A 
Randomization
Holding certain variable constant
Building the variable into the design
Matching
Using subjects as their own control
Using analysis of covariance
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17
Q

Pair of subjects can be matched on certain variable of interest

A

Matching

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18
Q

Main independent variable that is being manipulated in an experiment

A

Treatment/intervention

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19
Q

Group of study participants who have been exposed to a specific treatment of intervention?

A

Treatment or experimental group

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20
Q

A group of study participants who have not been exposed to a particular treatment

A

Control group

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21
Q

Typically used in experimental designs with random assignment

A

Control group

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22
Q

A group of study participants who have similar attributes and characteristics as a treatment or experimental group.

A

Comparison group

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23
Q

Typically used in quasi experimental designs

A

Comparison group

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24
Q

A test administered prior to a specific treatment or intervention, provides baseline measures

A

Pretest

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25
A test administered after a specific treatment, to determine how participants have responded to intervention
Post test
26
This provides a baseline measure that can be compared to subsequent tests taken after an intervention or treatment
Pretest
27
Can help determine how study participants have responded to a treatment or intervention
Posttest
28
Weak Experimental Designs
One-Shot Case Study One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design Static-Group Comparison Design Static-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
29
A single group is exposed to treatment and a dependent variable is measured in order to assess the effect of the treatment
One shot case study
30
In weak studies what symbol represents the exposure group and observation of dependent variable?
X - exposure O - Observation of the dependent variable
31
A single group is measured or obsereved before and after treatment
One-group Pretest-posttest design
32
Two already existing or intact groups are used?
Static-group comparison design
33
Sometimes referred to as static groups or non equivalent control group design
Static-group comparison design
34
Alternative name for static-group comparison design?
Static groups | Non-equivalent control group design
35
indicates that the two groups being compared are already formed
Dashed line (-----)
36
Pretest is given to both groups and a "gain or change" is determined by getting the sum of scores
Static-group pretest-posttest design
37
Essential ingredient of a true experimental design
Randomly assigned to treatment groups
38
Involves two groups, both of which are formed by random assignment
Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design
39
Best design in experimental study provided there are atleast 40 subj in each group
Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design
40
One group receives the experimental treatment while other does not; both groups are prettested
Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design
41
Differs from previous designs solely in the use of pretest.
Randomized pretest-postest control group design
42
According to Frankael and Wallen, this design is particularly desirable if the number in each group is small (
Randomized pretest-postest control group design
43
Design is an attempt to eliminate the possible effects of a pretest?
Randomized solomon four-group design
44
Provides best control to threats to internal validity
Randomized Solomon Frour group design
45
Establishing equvalence of groups through matching pairs based on certain variables
Random assignment with matching
46
Does not include the use of random assignment
Quasi-experimental
47
In this design, even though matched subjects are already in intact groups
Matching-Only Design
48
Frankael and Wallen mentioned that correlation bet matching variables and dependent variable should be
fairly substantial
49
Another technique for equating experimental and comparison groups, both of which is exposed to all treatments but in different orders
Three-treatment counterbalanced design
50
Involves repeated measurements over a period of time both before and after treatment
Time series design
51
It is an elaboration of one-group pretest-posttest design
Time series design
52
Modification of either post-test only or pretest only control groups
Factorial design
53
Permits additional independent variables
Factorial design
54
Examines relationships between two or more non manipulated variables
Correlational research
55
Aims at investigation the existence and the degree of relationship between two or more variable
Correlational research
56
With correlational research designs, casuality cannot be inferred. Casuality is
Cause-and-Effect
57
Two Methods of Correlational Design
Relationship Studies | Prediction Studies
58
Scores obtained from two variables are correlated to determine the relationship
Relationship studies
59
Use scores of one variable to predict the outcome of the other variable
Prediction studies
60
Types of Correlation
``` Positive or Direct Relationship Negative or Inverse Relationship Strong Weak No Correlation Perfect Correlation ```
61
One aims to determine the cause of or reason for groups of individuals being different in behaviour or status
Causal-comparative research design
62
This research design attempts to identify the major factor that causes the groups to behave differently as compared to other groups of individuals
Causal-comparative research design
63
Non experimental form, descriptive research method.
Survey
64
Useful when researcher wants to collect data on phenomena that cannot be directly observed?
Survey
65
Two basic types of Survey
Cross sectional | Longitudinal
66
Used to gather information on a population at a signle point in time
Cross-sectional survey
67
Used to assess the prevalence of acute or chronic conditions?
Cross-sectional survey
68
Used to study distribution and determinants of disease
Epidemiology
69
Epidemiological studies can be classified as either
"descriptive" or | "analytic"
70
Disease are characterized according to where, when and to whom they occur
Descriptive
71
Involving testing hypotheses about exposure-disease relationships
Analytic
72
Gather data over a period of time
Longitudinal surveys
73
Enumerate three types of longitudinal surveys
Trend studies Cohort studies Panel studies
74
Focus on a particular population and scrutinized repeatedly?
Trend studies
75
While samples are of the same population, they are typically not composed of the same people
Trend Studies
76
Focus on a particular population sampled and studied more than once
Cohort Studies
77
Allow researchers to find out why changes in population occurred?
Panel studies
78
Attrition
Occurs when people drop out of the study

Research Methodology (7 decks)

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