Research Designs

Question 1

Visualisation techniques Rennie, Adams & Appleton (2014)

Answer 1

• Participants read or did not read a short informational message on healthy eating and then their visualised 1stperson, 3rdperson or no visualisation on fruit consumption
• Participants who had read the message and used visualisation had high future intention to consume fruit and veg – 1stperson was higher than 3rdperson
• Although interesting, there is not further research to show the true impact of this method

Question 2

Interventions (complex vs theory based) Wardle (2003)

Answer 2

• Exposed 2-6 year olds to vegetables for 14 days (or no exposure)
• Found that children in the exposure condition had increased liking and consumption of disliked vegetables in the pre to post period
• Interventions good method: exposure over this time period provides results with validity, that can also be replicated

Question 3

Telephone Survey Appleton KM et al (2010)

Answer 3

Telephone survey on FV consumption in 1000 individuals living in NI.
426 respondents
Average intake 4.0 portions/day
Representable & generalisable, however there may be social desirability
Gender, age and deprivation score

Question 4

Mixed Methods Focus Groups & Questionnaires Rooney (2017)

Answer 4

Six semi-structured focus groups (28 adults)
Also, Questionnaires assessing knowledge of their 5 a day.
Results: High awareness of 5 a day message, low knowledge of the foods included and portion sizes to obtain 1 of 5 a day.
Strengths and Limitations

Question 5

Education programmes Eboh (2006)

Answer 5

• Used a 40 minute school-based nutrition education programme for 3 weeks, 4 days a week – plus a control group with no education
• Education group scored higher in nutrition knowledge and significant change when meeting dietary requirements
• Reliable method that can be replicated

Question 6

Research Designs

Answer 6

AB design (repeated measures)
e.g. investigation of the impact of the smoking ban in UK

ABA design / ABAB design
e.g. investigation of the impact of TV campaign – on for three months, off for three months

ABAB intervention per individual – N-of-1
e.g. investigation of the impact of daily instructions / motivational texts

Independent groups, repeated conditions
e.g. impact of smoking ban in IU vs Purdue University

Independent individuals – randomised controlled trial e.g. impact of health promotion poster on fruit consumption