Flashcards in Research Exam Deck (28)
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1
What is the Hierarchy of Evidence?
1. N of 1 RCT
2. Multiple patient randomized trials
3. Observational studies
4. Basic research
5. Clinical experience
2
What are the 3 ways to use medical literature?
1. Staying alert to important new evidence
2. Problem solving
3. Asking background (novice) and foreground (expert) questions
3
What does PICO stand for?
Patient
Interventions
Comparison
Outcome
4
What does PECO stand for?
Population
Exposure
Comparison
Outcome
5
What is apprasial?
How serious is the risk of bias and what are the results
6
What are the four domains of practice?
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Intervention
Harm
7
What is evidence-based practice?
integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise and pt values
8
What are the 6 steps of EBM Method?
1. Acknowledge something I know
2. Formulate PICO
3. Search databases
4. Select best available evidence
5. Integrate evidence with clinical practice and pt values
6. Periodically evaluate self
9
What are the 3 fundamentals of EBM?
Optimal clinical decision making
Guidance
Evidence alone is never sufficient
10
What does SORT stand for?
Strength-of- Recommendation Taxonomy
11
SORT = A
consistent, good quality pt oriented evidence
12
SORT= B
Inconsistent or limited quality pt oriented evidence
13
SORT= C
consensus, disease oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series for studies of dx, tx, prevention or screening.
14
How many levels of evidence is there?
1-5
15
What are the 5 types of foreground questions?
Therapy
Harm
Ddx
Dx
Prognosis
16
What study is more common?
observational cohort study
17
What stats are seen in cohort studies?
incidence
18
What stats are seen in cross-sectional studies?
prevalence
19
What study design is good for rare diseases?
case-control
20
What is sensitivity
probability a person WITH a dz will test +
21
What is specificity?
probability a person WITHOUT a dz will test -
22
A NEG result from a highly senstive test will what?
RULE OUT the disease
23
A POS result from a highly specific test will what?
RULE IN the disease
24
PLR should be over ? is significant?
5
25
NLR should be under ? is significant?
26
What is a positive likelihood ratio?
always >1
27
What is a negative likelihood ratio?
always < 1
28
