Research into the biomechanics of running Flashcards Preview

Sports injuries > Research into the biomechanics of running > Flashcards

Flashcards in Research into the biomechanics of running Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Give some risk factors for developing a running injury

A
Q angle > 20
increased weekly running distance 
higher running frequency 
older running shoes > 4 months 
type of surface 
increased age 
high BMI 
running every day, all year
2
Q

what is the biggest single risk factor for the development of a running injury

A

previous injury

3
Q

what is the underlying cause of IT band syndrome

A

friction between the IT band and the underlying lateral epicondyle of the femur

4
Q

what three factors have been shown to be associated with the development of IT band syndrome

A

greater angle of internal rotation and adduction

greater knee flexion at heal strike

5
Q

during a prolonged treadmill run, what factors were noted in patients with PFP compared to controls

A

lower peak knee flexion and lower peak knee flexion velocity

lower peak hip adduction and lower peak hip adduction velocity

lower peak hip internal rotation velocity

generally, less overall motion

6
Q

generally, when will a runner develop Achilles tendinopathy

A

when they increase their training volume or intensity rapidly

7
Q

what observations were made in people suffering from achilles tendinopathy vs controls

A

increased eversion range of motion

reduced maximum lower leg abduction

reduced dorsiflexion velocity

reduced knee flexion (known to increase impact peak)

reduced peak tibial external rotation moment

8
Q

explain the variability-overuse hypothesis

A

healthy individuals perform movements in a slightly different way each time

by doing this, forces is shared around the structures of the body rather than always being focused in one area

9
Q

explain the concept of degrees of freedom in movement and explain the implications of too much or too little

A

how much variability there is within the parts of the body which we control

too much = less control over the body

too little = less variability in movements and a tend towards the injury threshold

10
Q

what does kinematic co-ordination measure?

A

how one segment of the body behaves in relation to another

they are attached so what happens at one will affect what happens at the other

11
Q

define spatial and temporal co-ordination

A

spatial = where segment A is, relative to segment B at a given moment in time

temporal = timing of movements in one segment relative to movement in another segment e.g maximum joint angle

12
Q

what difference was found in the kinematic co-ordination between symptomatic PFP subjects and controls

A

symptomatic PFP showed less variability in their movements

13
Q

what components of a GRF trace have been attributed to an increased risk of injury development

A

greater vertical average loading rate (VALR) and vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR)
greater vertical impact peak (VIP)

14
Q

why is the study by davis published in 2016 considered to be a stronger design than most previous studies into running related injuries

and what did she find

A

it was a prospective study

with retrospective studies you can’t be sure that the differences seen were there before the injury occured

VIP and VALR were bigger in injured than non-injured group. also a difference in VILR

15
Q

explain the training injury prevention paradox

A

athletes who are training at a higher chronic work load suffer fewer injuries because their bodies are better adapted to the training

novice runners suffer more injuries because of the excessive and rapid increase in work load

16
Q

outline the evidence, showing whether or not forefoot strikers change their running style during an exhaustive run

A

as an exhaustive run progresses there is decreased plantarflexion (land more flat footed) and this causes the appearance of the initial peak on a GRF trace

subjects also land with a more flexed knee