Research Methods

Question 1

what is an aim of a study?

Answer 1

the aim of a study is to answer a particular question

Question 2

what is a hypothesis?

Answer 2

a hypothesis is a testable statement with operationalised variables with as much detail as possible to fully define the independent variable and the dependant variable

Question 3

what is a one tailed hypothesis?

Answer 3

it is a prediction to test which way results will go. This isn used when you have previous research

Question 4

what is a two tailed hypothesis?

Answer 4

the will a difference in reduction between the two groups. used when there is no previous research.

Question 5

what is a bar chart?

Answer 5

a type of graph that is used in order to represent independent or discreet data

Question 6

what is a histogram?

Answer 6

it is a type of graph that is used in order to represent related or continuous pieces of data for example what is found in repeated measures designed experiments

Question 7

what’s a scattergraph?

Answer 7

it is uses correlational pieces of data

Question 8

what can be used to remember a positively skewed?

Answer 8

the right foot

Question 9

what can be used to remember a negatively skewed?

Answer 9

the left foot

Question 10

what is a positive correlation?

Answer 10

when there is a pattern of points of data on a graph go up to the right of the graph from the bottom left

Question 11

what is a negative correlation?

Answer 11

when there is a pattern points of a graph goes to the bottom right from the top left

Question 12

what is no correlation?

Answer 12

there is no clear pattern

Question 13

what does a positively skewed graph show?

Answer 13

it would show the test was too hard

Question 14

what does a negatively skewed graph show?

Answer 14

it would show the test was too easy

Question 15

what is the independent variable?

Answer 15

it is the variable that we manipulate

Question 16

what is the dependant variable?

Answer 16

it is the wavetable that is measured

Question 17

what is the random allocation control?

Answer 17

people are randomly selected for their conditions which removes the possibility of bias

Question 18

what is validity?

Answer 18

it shows how truthful something is

Question 19

what is temporal validity?

Answer 19

does something stay the same over time

Question 20

what is informed consent?

Answer 20

tells the participant the true aims of the study and what will happen, they must be aware of the ethics and requires the persons signature

Question 21

what is the right to withdraw?

Answer 21

the patient is able to leave the experiment at any moment, this can cause an issue with results so they are often given an incentive to give them more reason to stay. when it comes to children under 16 the parent has control

Question 22

what is confidentiality?

Answer 22

a participant should not receive any harm mentally or physically eg a cut or embarrassment

Question 23

why can a debrief be so useful?

Answer 23

thanks participant, offers support such as counselling if necessary. tells full intentions of data and leaves a form of contact eg email if a participant wishes to know more

Question 24

what is independent groups?

Answer 24

when participants only take part in one condition

Question 25

what's a strength of independent groups?

Answer 25

no order effects

Question 26

what's a weakness of independent groups?

Answer 26

participant individuals/individual differences

Question 27

what is repeated measures?

Answer 27

participants take part in both conditions

Question 28

what's an advantage of repeated measures?

Answer 28

no participant variables/individual differences

Question 29

whats a weakness of repeated measures?

Answer 29

order effects

Question 30

what are demand characteristics?

Answer 30

people will act in unnatural ways when they are in experiment for example if they are trying to figure out what the experiment is for. this therefor will affect the validity of the results

Question 31

what are behavioural categories?

Answer 31

a table of predetermined observational categories

Question 32

whats a structured interview?

Answer 32

it provides quantitive data and is planned

Question 33

what is an unstructured interview?

Answer 33

it provides qualitative data and is spontaneous

Question 34

what is the mean?

Answer 34

its an average used in interval level data

Question 35

how is the mean calculated?

Answer 35

its the sum of all the values divided by the number if values

Question 36

what is the mode?

Answer 36

the most common number and is used with nominal level data

Question 37

how is the mode calculated?

Answer 37

find the most common value

Question 38

what is the median and what level of data is used for?

Answer 38

the middle value and is used in ordinal level data

Question 39

how is the median calculated?

Answer 39

order the numbers in numerical order and then find the middle

Question 40

what is qualitative data?

Answer 40

non numerical, thoughts, feels ect

Question 41

what is quantitive data?

Answer 41

numbers and data, can be analysed

Question 42

what is primary data?

Answer 42

primary data is data of which you have found yourself

Question 43

what is secondary data?

Answer 43

data that other people have found

Question 44

what is a closed questionnaire?

Answer 44

yes or no questions

Question 45

what is an open questionnaire?

Answer 45

questions that are not a yes or no answer

Question 46

what is a case study?

Answer 46

a study that is carried on single individual who is completely unique

Question 47

what is an example of a case study?

Answer 47

Little Hans

Question 48

what is random sampling?

Answer 48

people are not specifically selected for their conditions

Question 49

what is volunteer sampling?

Answer 49

you ask people who are available at the time and they choose if they want to participate

Question 50

what is opportunity sampling?

Answer 50

an advertisement is put up eg a poster where people can choose to go out of their way to take part

Question 51

what are implications of psychological research on the economy?

Answer 51

expensive for the NHS allows people to go back to work people who earn from it pay more back through taxes

Question 52

what is falsifiability?

Answer 52

can be proved to be wrong

Question 53

what is hypothesis testing?

Answer 53

a testable statement

Question 54

what is a paradigm shift?

Answer 54

shared set of assumptions which can be changed

Question 55

what is objectivity?

Answer 55

based on fact

Question 56

what is theory construction?

Answer 56

an early idea

Question 57

what are empirical methods?

Answer 57

knowledge gained through experimental/observational methods

Question 58

what is meant be replicability?

Answer 58

it can be repeated by others