Research Methods

Question 1

What is primary data

Answer 1

Data collected first hand, yourself for your research

Question 2

What is secondary data

Answer 2

Data that had alresdy been collected by other researchers

Question 3

What is reliability

Answer 3

The research should be able to be repeated and produce similar results

Question 4

What is validity

Answer 4

Concerned with weather the research had uncovered the truth about society

Question 5

What is representativeness

Answer 5

Data that reflects wider society

Question 6

Give three examples of validity

Answer 6

Letters
Participant observation
Unstructured interviews

Question 7

Give three examples of reliability

Answer 7

Questionnaires
Official statistics
Structured interview

Question 8

What are some advantages of using questionnaires

Answer 8

Quick, cheap , can reach a large sample, produce reliable data

Question 9

What are some disadvantages of questionnaires

Answer 9

May rush through questions , questions can be misunderstood, lack validity

Question 10

What is a piolet study

Answer 10

Practice study that can carry out before the main study

Question 11

What is an overt observation

Answer 11

Participants know they are being researched

Question 12

What is a covert observation

Answer 12

Participants do not know they are being researched

Question 13

What is objectivity

Answer 13

Researchers need to stay unifluenced by any personal feelings and experiences, unbiased

Question 14

What is subjectivity

Answer 14

Researchers affected by there own experience feelings and prejudice in their research

Question 15

An advantage and disadvantage of structured interviews

Answer 15

Produced quantitative data so high in reliability

Could be biased

Question 16

Two advantages and disadvantages of unstructured interviews

Answer 16

Respondents can give detailed explaination in depth ,

flexible and can change questions to gather more info

Less structure so lacks reliability

Costly , interviewers have to be trained well

Question 17

What does ethics in research look like

Answer 17

What is morally acceptable , issue of right and wrong

Question 18

What is a longitudinal study

Answer 18

Research done over a long period of time to measure changes

Question 20

Hawthorne effect

Answer 20

Behaviour of participants is changed because they are aware they are being studied

Question 21

Cross sectional study

Answer 21

A study that captures data from one moment in time

Question 22

What is a gatekeeper

Answer 22

A person who allows a researcher access to a sample of people they want to study

Question 23

What is ethics

Answer 23

Princibles about research being morally right and wrong

Question 24

What’s content analysis

Answer 24

Analysing the mass media

Question 25

What is a sampling frame

Answer 25

The list where a sample is chosen from

Question 26

What is random sampling

Answer 26

Where everyone has equal chance of being chosen as part of a sample

Question 27

What is stratified sampling

Answer 27

Dividing your sample into different groups and then randomly choosing from these groups

Question 28

What is oppurtunity sampling

Answer 28

Involving anyone who is available and conveinet to be used in the sample

Question 29

What is quota sampling

Answer 29

Without a sampling frame, chooses a certain number of different sorts of people to create representativeness

Question 30

What is systematic sampling

Answer 30

Could mean , for example , taking every third person on a list, some people may never be chosen

Question 31

What is confidentiality

Answer 31

Data is only shared if identity’s are protected

Question 32

What is debriefing

Answer 32

At the end of research , the researcher talks the participant about the nature of the study to ensure they’re comfdable

Question 33

What is triangulation

Answer 33

Using more than one research method

Question 34

What are six ethical issues

Answer 34

Consent deception confidentiality right to withdraw invasion of privacy protection from harm

Question 35

What is deception

Answer 35

The researcher Leung to the participants

Question 36

Invasion of privacy

Answer 36

Does the researcher take advantage of someone’s personal and private life

Question 37

What is snowball sampling

Answer 37

One person is chosen as part of the sample , and that person introduces another person , and so on