Research Methods

Question 1

What’s a laboratory experiment?

Answer 1

An experiment carried out in a controlled environment where the variables can be manipulated

Question 2

What are two advantages of lab experiments?

Answer 2

High internal validity( controlled variables)

easy to replicate

Question 3

what are two disadvantages of lab experiments?

Answer 3

low ecological validity (can’t be generalised)

demand characteristics

Question 4

whats a field experiment?

Answer 4

experiment conducted in an environment that suits what you’re measuring (IV still manipulated)

Question 5

give two advantages of field experiments

Answer 5

high ecological validity (can be generalised)

lack of demand characteristics

Question 6

give two disadvantages of field experiments

Answer 6

low internal validity (less control of confounding or extrenuous variables)
harder to replicate

Question 7

what’s a natural experiment?

Answer 7

conducted when it’s not legal or moral to conduct an experiment

Question 8

give two advantages of natural experiments

Answer 8

allows research in unethical areas

high ecological validity

Question 9

give two disadvantages of natural experiments

Answer 9

lack of casual relationship (IV not directly manipulated)

lack of random allocation

Question 10

what’s a quasi experiment ?

Answer 10

an experiment where variables or IV can’t be manipulated by anyone - they already have it eg. gender or ethnicity

Question 11

give two advantages of a quasi experiment

Answer 11

allows comparison between people

can be carried out in a lab

Question 12

give two disadvantages of a quasi experiment

Answer 12

if tested in a lab, low ecological validity

lack of random allocation

Question 13

what’s an extrenuous variable ?

Answer 13

any variable that may affect the DV - control variables

Question 14

whats a confounding variable?

Answer 14

variables that can’t be or aren’t controlled in an experiment

Question 15

what is external validity and the 3 types?

Answer 15

the degree to which research can be generalised

- ecological (in terms of where it was researched)
 - population (people tested eg. diversity)
 - historical (still valid today?)

Question 16

what is internal validity?

Answer 16

the degree to which the findings are valid in terms of what goes on in the study eg. IV affecting DV? testing the correct DV? confounding and extrenuous ?

Question 17

how can validity be tested?

Answer 17

pilot experiments

Question 18

what is external reliability?

Answer 18

repeating and comparing the experiment to be able to trust it

Question 19

what is internal reliability?

Answer 19

making sure people in the study have the same experience

Question 20

How can reliability be tested?

Answer 20

pilot stidy

Question 21

what is an independent group design?

Answer 21

each group does ONE level of the IV

Question 22

what is the repeated measures design?

Answer 22

ALL participants receive all levels of the IV

Question 23

what is counterbalancing?

Answer 23

either AB, BA or ABBA

Question 24

what is the matched pairs design?

Answer 24

matching participants on similar relevant characteristics and having two similar groups

Question 25

give 2 advantages of the independent groups?

Answer 25

avoid order and practice effects

Question 26

give two disadvantages of the independent groups

Answer 26

can't control pps variables eg. abilities | needs more pps

Question 27

give two positives of repeated measures

Answer 27

same skill sets | needs less pps

Question 28

give two disadvantages of the repeated measures

Answer 28

order or practice effect | pps may guess the aim

Question 29

give two advantages of the matched pairs

Answer 29

avoid order effects | needs less participants

Question 30

give two disadvantages of the matched pairs

Answer 30

time consuming | only matching known relevant variables

Question 31

what is opportunity sampling?

Answer 31

finding pps through convenience

Question 32

what is random sampling?

Answer 32

Radom allocation

Question 33

what is stratified sampling?

Answer 33

pps are gained due to the percent of their subgroup in the population

Question 34

what is volunteer sampling?

Answer 34

voluntary pps

Question 35

what do the bps guidelines say?

Answer 35

``` consent privacy deception harm withdraw briefing ```