Research methods sac 1

Question 1

IV

Answer 1

The variable that has been systematically manipulated by the researcher.

Question 2

DV

Answer 2

The variable that is measured as a result of the change made to the independent variable.

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

Group of interest to research.

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

Subset of the population that is used in an experiment to represent the population

Question 5

Experimental group

Answer 5

Group of participants that are exposed to the IV

Question 6

Control group

Answer 6

Group of participants that are not exposed to the IV (are used as a point of comparison for the DV)

Question 7

Random sampling

Answer 7

Where all members of the population have an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the research

Question 8

Convenience sampling

Answer 8

Using participants who are readily available to participate in the research.

Question 9

Stratified Sample

Answer 9

Where the proportions in the sample represent the proportions in the population

Question 10

Random Allocation

Answer 10

Participants all have an equal chance of being placed in either the experimental or control group

Question 11

Placebo

Answer 11

A fake or inert treatment

Question 12

Placebo Effect

Answer 12

Where the participant’s behaviour changes due to their expectations that the treatment given will change their behaviour.

Question 13

Experimenter Effect

Answer 13

The person conducting the experiment may influence the DV unintentionally.
This can be accounted for by using a double blind procedure

Question 14

Single blind procedure

Answer 14

Where the participants do not know if they are in the experimental or control group (blind to their position)

Question 15

Double blind procedure

Answer 15

Where neither the person administering the experiment, nor the participants know which is the experimental group and which is the control group . (experimenter should know)

Question 16

Independent Groups Design

Answer 16

Each participant is exposed to only one experimental condition

Advantage - no order effect

Disadvantage - Participant characteristics can impact on the DV

Question 17

Matched Participants Design

Answer 17

Each participant in one condition has a pair with corresponding characteristics / traits in the other conditions

Advantage - Minimise participant characteristics that could have an impact on the DV, No order effect

Disadvantage - Time consuming
Perfect matches are also impossible to archive
If one participant drops out you must remove the other

Question 18

Repeated Measures Design

Answer 18

Each participant is exposed to all experimental conditions

Advantage - Eliminated participant differences that could impact on the DV

Disadvantage - Order effect (practise or boredom)

Question 19

Objective Data

Answer 19

Fact

Question 20

Subjective Data

Answer 20

Opinion / interpretation

Question 21

Qualitative Data

Answer 21

Information collected in word form

Question 22

Quantitative Data

Answer 22

Information collected in number form

Question 23

Ethical Considerations

Answer 23

Confidentiality, voluntary participation, withdrawal rights, informed consent, use of deceptions, debriefing

Question 24

Reliability

Answer 24

The experiment produces results that are consistent, dependable and stable

Question 25

Validity

Answer 25

The experiment measures what it claims to measure

Question 26

Internal validity

Answer 26

Extent to which the results are due to the variable that was tested or measured (conclusions)

Question 27

External validity

Answer 27

Extent to which an experiment produces results that can be applied to the population from which the sample was drawn (generalisation)

Question 28

Hypothesis

Answer 28

Independent variable Population Affect Dependent variable

Question 29

Conclusions

Answer 29

``` A statement about the results of the experiment and whether the IV had an impact on the DV. Support Hypothesis Reject it Evidence Conclude ```

Question 30

counter balance

Answer 30

is used in a repeated measures design to account for order effect. The order of IV and DP is swapped. Group 1 = A- -> B Group 2 = B --> A