Research Methods [U7] Flashcards
(17 cards)
Experiment Types
Naturalistic - No control of IV (Happened regardless)
Field & Lab - Control of Iv
Quasi - IV is innate difference between ppts
Theory Construction Stages
- Observe Behaviour
- Create Theory
- Operationalise theory to form testable hypothesis
- Have study premise peer reviewed
- Collect evidence for and against, then go back to step 2 to make corrections
Observation Types
- Naturalistic Vs. Controlled
- Covert Vs. Overt
- Participant Vs. Non-participant
Bias Types
- Social Desirability (Lying to seem desirable)
- Acquiescence Bias (Saying yes when in doubt)
- Interviewer Bias
Good Question Writing
- Don’t overuse Jargon
- No emotive language
- No leading questions
- No double negatives
- No double-barreled questions
Evaluate Correlations
- Preliminary tool for research
- Highly Economical
BUT - No causational direction
- Presence of third-party variables
- Relationships are often misused/represented as facts
Negative Skew
- Mode greater that mean/median
- Peak on the right
Positive Skew
- Mode less than mean/median
- Peak on the left
What is a peer review?
An independent assessment of a piece of research before publication. These are performed by experts in the relevant field, and are anonymous.
Note : Publications are sent to journals, journals forward to peers
What does a peer review evaluate?
A piece of research’s validity, significance and originality. Additionally, how appropriate the methodology/design is.
How can a peer review conclude?
- Manuscript Accepted
- Accepted with revisions
- Resumbittance and revisions suggested
- Rejected without resubmission
What are the aims of peer review?
- Allocate research funding based on prospective projects
- To validate the quality and relevance of a study (Checks stats, conclusions, method, hypothesis etc.)
- To improve studies and research quality (Filtering out bad work and elevate potential studies)
Pros and cons of peer review process
- Anonymity enables reviewers to criticise and shut-down rivals in similar fields (To secure limited funding for themselves)
- Prevents substandard/plagiarised research from entering the mainstream, protecting psych and journal’s reputation
- A lack of suitable peers means new research is often not fully comprehended. This can result in positive publication bias (Accepting studies that only align with conventional theories and rejecting the unconventional) or acceptance of substandard research.
Effect on economy
- Mental Health Treatments
- Attachment & Role of Father
- Cognitive Interview on Justice System
Arrangement of the Psychological Report
- Abstract (Summary of entire publication)
- Introduction (Relevant Theory and other Research)
- Method (Sampling, materials, design, procedure)
- Findings (Results, stat tests, qualitative analysis)
- Discussion (Context, evaluation, application)
- References
Referencing in books
Last Name, First Initial (Date). Book name, publisher location: Publisher Name
Jacobs, J. (1850). The capacity of memory, London: Penguin
Referencing in articles
Last Name, First Initial (Date). Article name: Journal Name, Volume No, Issue No, Page Numbers
Hitler, A. (1945). Gaseous Exchange: GJPsych, 8, 7, 34-37
