Research Studies

Question 1

IRB Exemption

Answer 1

-chair gives exemptions
-pose little risk
-does not involve a sensitive topic or population
-educational

Question 2

IRB Expedited

Answer 2

-subset of board reviews it
-minimal risk (surveys, healthhy pops, non invasive, existing data)
-no interventions

Question 3

IRB Full

Answer 3

-entire board reviews
-more than minimal risk
-sensitive topic or populations
-any research with an intervention

Question 4

IRB Application Contents

Answer 4

-additional questions about study plans
-informed consent
-apropriate management of data

Question 5

Informed Consent

Answer 5

-informed
-can opt out
-lay language (6th grade)
-answet questions
-contact info
-sign
-voluntary

Question 6

Evidence Based Practice

Answer 6

integration of:
-evidence
-clinical expertise
-patient values

Question 7

PubMed

Answer 7

-access to medline
-best source for RCT

Question 8

Medline

Answer 8

-National library of medicine’s database

Question 9

Primary Sources

Answer 9

-only clinical trials
-RCT, cohort, case control

-current but must read it all

Question 10

Cochrane

Answer 10

-database for systematic reviews

Question 11

Hierarchies of Evidence

Answer 11

-1a-5
-A-F

Question 12

Systematic Reviews of RCT

Answer 12

-1a
-review or meta analysis of RCT

Question 13

Randomized Control Trials

Answer 13

-1b
-group randomized into experiemental groups
-narrow confidence interval

Question 14

All or None

Answer 14

-1c
-all Pt died before but some lived after
-some pt died before but none died after

Question 15

Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Answer 15

-2a
-review or meta analysis of cohort studies

Question 16

Cohort Studies

Answer 16

-2b
-already in a group and compare different treatments

Question 17

Outcomes Research

Answer 17

-2c
-how much value does it give to the pt
-not experimental

Question 18

Systematic Review of Case Control

Answer 18

-3a
-review or meta analysis of Case control studies

Question 19

Case Control Studies

Answer 19

-3b
-find people with outcome and control that dont have outcome
-look back in time to find possible causes

Question 20

Case Study or Series

Answer 20

-4
-detailed analysis of cases

Question 21

Bench Research

Answer 21

-5
-non human research

Question 22

Expert Opinion

Answer 22

-5

Question 23

Grades

Answer 23

A-F
A: strong evidence, level 1 study
F: expert opinion

Question 24

PEDro

Answer 24

-tool to measure the quality of RCT
-0-10, 6 being good

Question 25

Quadras

Answer 25

-measure the quality of a study that investigattes accuracy of a test) outcome meausure 0-14, 7 being good

Question 26

Introduction

Answer 26

-purpose statement -what is the problem -why is it important -what is the purpose

Question 27

Hypopthesis

Answer 27

Null: no different between x and y Alternative: there will be a difference between x an y -can reject or fail to reject your null

Question 28

Methods

Answer 28

-Participants: why and who, when, how -Instrumentation: validity, outcome measures, interventions -Procedures: must be reproducible -Data Analysis: explain how the data was handled

Question 29

Results

Answer 29

-Outcomes of analysis -tables and graphs -no interpretation of data

Question 30

Discussion

Answer 30

-compared to previous literature -implications -strengths of the study -limitations -interpretations

Question 31

Conclusion

Answer 31

-overview of study -overview of findings

Question 32

Meta Analysis

Answer 32

-systemic review with calculations of each study -forest plot

Question 33

Order of Parts of a Study

Answer 33

Abstract Intro Methods: participants Methods: instrumentation Methods: procedures Methods: data analysis Results Discussion Conclusion

Question 34

Descriptive Studies

Answer 34

-Retrospective -Normative -qualitative -describes data

Question 35

Exploratory Studies

Answer 35

-correlational: relationships -predictive: reliability and validity -case control and cohort (quasi experimental)

Question 36

Experimental Studies

Answer 36

-RCT only true -cause and effect

Question 37

One-Way Repeated Research Design

Answer 37

-one group doing the same thing over titme

Question 38

Posttest-Only Randomized Group

Answer 38

-randomized -2 or more groups that are only measured after the intervention

Question 39

Posttest-Only Non-Randomized Research Design

Answer 39

-non randomized -2 or more groups that are only measured after the intervention

Question 40

Factorial-Fully Independent Research Design

Answer 40

-2+ interventions at the same time -each person stays in the same group the whole time

Question 41

Factorial-Fully Repeated Research Design

Answer 41

-2+ interventions at the same time -all participants switch groups throughout the study

Question 42

Factorial Mixed/Split Plot Research Design

Answer 42

-with or without randomization -Multiple interventions (independent groups) move through time -one intervention vs another; pre post post 2 -most common in PT

Question 43

Crossover Research Design

Answer 43

-with or without randomization -groups switch interventions after 1st is done