Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

research & inquiry > Research W7 > Flashcards

Research W7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is qualitative research

A

study of research questions about human experiences.

Conducted in natural settings. Not controlling or manipulating.

Uses data that are in words or texts instead of #’s to describe experience being studied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the purpose of qualitative nursing methods?

A

Concept Development- develop concepts & ideas about the social world and how it works.

Theory Building - Hypothesis generation

Guide Practice - personal stories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the assumptions of qualitative research?

A
  1. Multiple realities that are socially constructed by humans. No single objective reality ( no bias, no such truth exisits)
  2. Socially constructed realitites are derived from the persons continous , ongoing interaction with their enviroment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the “common features” in qualitative research methods?

A
  • Flexible
  • Data Collection Procedures
  • Variables
  • No control of I.V.
  • Naturalistic Setting
  • Interviews, direct observation, artifacts, documents, cultural records.
  • Bracketing
  • Self reflection
  • Makes own beliefs explicit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is orientational qualitative inquiry? What are the different types?

A

An ideology directs the inquiry & research process.
Types:
FEMINIST: focus on sex gender
QUEER THEORY: also sex & gender, LGBTIQ
CRITICAL THEORY: focus on power and justice issues
POSTCOLONIAL: Focus on power and justice thru lens of legacy of the colonization of aboriginal indigenous ppls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Research traditions come from what 3 disciplines?

A

Anthropology
Psychology
Sociology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Phenomenolgy look at in terms of research?

A

Asks:
what is the essence of the phenom & what it means

What does it mean to exist/be?
(time & place)

Investigates:
subjective phenom. beliving that crutial truths about reality are in ppls everyday lived experiences.

Goal: understand meanings - decipher lived experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Phenomenolgy look at in terms of Data Sources ?

A

In depth conversations of a sampleof 10 ppl -audio taped

Written communication -respondant journaling i.e. pain journal

Answers questions like:
What is experience/ meaning of pain, grief, restlessness, bedrest…?

Trys to understand a human phenomenon, experience or condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does Phenomenolgy look at in terms of Data Making ?

A

” Bracketing” puts aside prior knowledge & experience inorder to understand the phenom percieved by the participate by:

  • Making them expicit
  • Recording- journals, field notes, memos.
  • Reflecting

Follows the conversation of the participants so the conversation & questions flow naturally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Ethnography look at in terms of research?

A

Based on theory of culture

Developed by Anthropologists

Goal: understand culture/ “thick desription”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the assumptions of qualitative research?

A

Cultural beliefs, norms, values, behaviours are learned.

Maybe overt /known /tacit

Culture guides the way we see the world.

Context important

Answers questions about: values beliefs, & practices of a culture group. i.e. what is going on in this group? what is the social construction of a health or illness experience?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Macroethnography and Microethnography

A

Macroethnography: a community or village

Microethnography: smaller unit of community i.e. homeless shelter, unit of a hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Ethnography look at in terms of “Data Sources” ?

A 
Cultural Behaviour: what members do
Cultural Artifacts:  What they make and use
Cultural Speech: What they say
* Participate observation
* Field notes
* 1:1 / focus groups(25-50) 
* Policies
* Photo/ video/art
*Organizational charts , sociograms, maps, schedules etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Ethnography look at in terms of “Data Making” ?

A

Enthongraphers try to:

Gain entry into a group but still an outsider

Participant in social life of the group (mths-yrs)

Trys to attain some level of intimacy with the group

Keep extensive notes of what was observed and learned about aspects of the culture and recorded interviews with KEY INFORMENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Gounded Theory?

A

” A general methodology for developing theory that is grounded in data. Theory evolves during actual research and it does this thru continous interplay b/w sampling and data collection and analysis”

Based on symbolic interactionism

Study of social interactions

Context important-b/c social interactions based on meanings that are embedded in context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kinds of questions are asked in grounded theory?

A

Asks a process of questions about changing experience over time or its stages/phases such as:

What is the process of making a decision to stay on bed rest?

What influences PSW to use knowledge about person centered care as a basis of their practice?

17
Q

What does Grounded Theory look at in terms of “Data Sources” ?

A

Interviews ( audio taped/ transcribed verbatium 25-50 informants).

Participant Observation

Existing documents

Conversation, impression, ideas recorded in diaries & field notes

18
Q

What does Grounded Theory look at in terms of “Data Making” ?

A

Data Collecting & Sampling occur simultaneously ( constant back & forth b/w phases).

Collaboration
*participant has the “insider” view

  • Researcher is the “outsider” bringing research knowledge
  • Degree & nature of collaboration varies from simple, periodic, to indepth continous.

Interviews & Observations collected prospectivly or retrospectivly about what happened and changes that evolved.

19
Q

Define population in qualitative and quantitiative sampling

A

Entire set of indiviuals ( aka elements or sampling unit) defined by the sampling criteria establised for the study

20
Q

Define Sample Criteria

A

The descriptors used for deciding who from the population is eligable and not eligable

Its used to select the sample

21
Q

List some of the population descriptors that are determined by the researcher

A 
gender
age
marital status
education
health status
diagnoses
co-morbidities
22
Q

What is a Sampling Frame?

A

A list of every member of the target population defined by the sampling criteria established for the study

23
Q

What is Sampling?

A

The process of selecting:

A portion of subset of the population to represent the entire population as the study sample.

Representitive units (people) of a population for a study in research

24
Q

What is a Study Sample?

A

A portion of a population that gets into a study and represents the population to which the researcher generalizes his/ her study results

25
Q

Define Stratum

A

Stratum is a subset of a population defined along some characteristic such as, age ( e.g. RN/RPN, Rural/urban, teaching/ non-teaching)

26
Q

Define Elements

A

Elements are indiviual units of a population e.g. a person….also called sampling units, participants, respondants etc.

27
Q

What is Sampling Bias?

A

Characteristics of a sample that may lead to erroneous conclusions i.e. mixing up interviewing stats. RN’s = 72% RPN’s = 28% but it got recorded as RN’S = 28% and RPN’s =72% i

28
Q

List 2 sampling strategies

A

Probability and Non-Probability

29
Q

Define Probability

A

Probability is the likelyhood that something is going to happen

Everyday use: the extent in which something is likely to happen

Research use: the likelyhood that any member of the population will be selected to participte in a study

Refers to the process of how participants are selected from the population ( not how they are assigned to groups)

Probability = Random

30
Q

Define “probability sampling”

List the common types

A

Process of randomly selecting elements/participants for inclusion in the study.

Simple Random-selected from samling frame at random so = chance of being selected

Systematic - every xth of an ordered list at fixed intervals are choosen.

Stratified - uses variables in population that are critical in representation of population to define strata (sub groups/ clusters)

31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of probability sampling?

A

Advantages: differences b/w sample and population due to chance; increased representative.

Disadvantage: may not be able to get all names, time concuming.

32
Q

Define Non-Probability

A

Every member/element of the population does not have = chance of being selected for hte study

33
Q

List/define the different types of Non-Probability sampling strategies

A

Convenience: participants in the right place at the right time. ( most common , less expensive)

Quota Sampling: stratified random sampling but not random
identify the stratum.

Purposive: conscious selction of participants (hand picked) i.e ppl with rare disease, have knowledge about phenomenon

Snowballing: ask participates to identify others who meet eligibility criteria. good for hard to find ppl.

Matched Sample: (matching): pair subjects on some extrenous variable so that end up with equivalent groups on that extrenous variable so that they could be compared on some other variable.

34
Q

What things are considered for sample studies in quantitative studies?

A

Study Charactersistics: nature of investigation, data analysis tech,sub group analysis, #variables

Population Characteristics: homogenity ( fewer ppl. needed to obtaina homogenous sample)

Measurment Issues: expected effect size ( strength of relationship b/w variables) & power analysis very important

Practical Issues: resources (time & $)

35
Q

What are some” rules of thumb:” to determine if sample size is large enough in quantitative research?

A

less than 30 is usually consisdered small

Count the # of independant variables in the study

Look for 5 ( at least) to 10 participants per independant variable ( e.g. 5 variables sample 25 to 50 close to 50 is better)

36
Q

What are some sample size considerations in qualitative studies?

A

Cannot predict exact sample size b/f start of study.

Sample size is guided by:
1. Quality of the information obtained

  1. Informational saturation of data
  2. Type of qualitative method

research & inquiry (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions