resistance to liberalism (done)

Question 1

What traditional Aboriginal decision making processes encompass the values of Liberalism? Why are they important?

Answer 1

Equality and Democracy

They enhance Canada’s commitment to Liberalism

Question 2

Name the person in particular that stands out when talking about the Liberalist Economic basis

Answer 2

Adam Smith

Question 3

Who set down Liberalist political ideals?

Answer 3

John Stuart Mill

Question 4

What did John Stuart Mill believe?
(two main takes on liberalism)

Answer 4

• people should be free and o as they wish, unless their actions harmed another person (“my fist ends where your face begins”)
• free speech! society could only develop through the free exchange and debate of various ideas.

Question 5

What was John Stuart Mill against? Why?

Answer 5

Majority rule. He thought it was the tyranny of the majority and wanted governments to focus on the needs of the minority instead

Question 6

What was John Stuart Mill’s take on oppression?

Answer 6

No one has the right to oppress or suppress another, regardless of any real or imagine superiority.

Question 7

Instead of thinking about trade as a “winner-loser” situation, what did Adam Smith propose?

Answer 7

Trade can be mutually beneficial. Wealth is not based on gold and silver but on commodities.

Question 8

According to Adam Smith, what determines the value of a commodity?

Answer 8

Its scarcity or demand as well as the labour that it takes to produce

Question 9

Why was self interest an important factor in Adam Smith’s Liberal Economic system?

Answer 9

He believed that when people act in self-interest the profit is much higher.

Question 10

What does the term “invisible hand” mean? Why was it named that?

Answer 10

-the unintended benefits of self-interest
-because it works just fine without government interference

Question 11

Why did Smith advocate for little government interference in the economy?

Answer 11

Because he believed that the economy would regulate itself through the actions of the “invisible hand”

Question 12

What does laissez-faire mean and who does the term belong to?

Answer 12

• “leave it alone”
• Adam Smith

Question 13

What kind of role(s) did Adam Smith see for the government in the economy?

Answer 13

• needed to intervene in prevention of tedious labour on working class
• in favor of progressive taxation

Question 14

What were some of the major disadvantages that society faced with the rise of capitalism and and the industrial revolution?

Answer 14

• low wages with intent to keep labour as cheap as possible
• working conditions were poor
• exploitation and child labour

Question 15

what were some of the social issues brought on by the industrial revolution?

Answer 15

Urbanization caused people to move into cities without any real equipment looking for jobs. Making illnesses way easier to spread due to a lack of sanitization

Question 16

What was the breaking point for the industrial revolution and the main reason for people to revolt against the system?

Answer 16

WEALTH DISPARITY!

Question 17

What caused the rise of more socialist ideologies

Answer 17

some believed that wealth should be distributed equitably among workers instead of giving it to wealthy capitalists

Question 18

Name the two most notable socialist theorists

Answer 18

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Question 19

In the book “The Communist Manifesto,” Marx and Engels stated that…

Answer 19

the poor treatment of the proletariat would result in the proletariat revolution.

Question 20

Marx and Engels believed that after a revolution…

Answer 20

a communist society would emerge in which there would be no social classes.

Question 21

What document was released from the Pope as a sign of support to the labour movement?

Answer 21

Rerum Novarum (“Of New things”)

Question 22

Because liberalism believes in the equality of people, movements unfolded to protect those who are vulnerable. a direct result of this was further protection of…

Answer 22

human rights

Question 23

What does USSR stand for?

Answer 23

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Question 24

What ideology did the Soviet union follow? When did it first take over?

Answer 24

Communism
After WWI

Question 25

What were "Kulaks"?

Answer 25

The rich peasant class in the Soviet Union.

Question 26

Name the totalitarian Russian leader that detained, tortured, and murdered farmer's who tried to revolt against his dictatorship

Answer 26

Josef Stalin

Question 27

What caused Ukraine to end up in "Holomodor" (a great famine)

Answer 27

Strict government policies from the Soviet Union that required almost all foodstuffs to be exported out of Ukraine.

Question 28

How did Hitler become such a totalitarian dictator?

Answer 28

The nazis were able to take control of Reichstag, Germany's Parliament, and dismantled its liberal democratic elements.

Question 29

After WWII, what two nations emerged as the two superpowers?

Answer 29

The Soviet Union and The United States of America.

Question 30

Why is the Cold war named that?

Answer 30

Because it was never a war with bombs and explosives but more so a clash of ideologies that were trying to be protected by either side.

Question 31

What were spheres of influence?

Answer 31

regions in which one of the superpowers was more dominant than the other

Question 32

NATO and The Warsaw Pact were created in order to...

Answer 32

solidify their spheres of influence. By founding international alliances based on mutual protection, in which an attack on one ally would be construed as an attack on all those in alliance.

Question 33

Winston Churchill famously referred to what as "The Iron Curtain"?

Answer 33

The buffer zone that the Soviet Union was keeping in Hungary and Czechoslovakia with the help of The Warsaw Pact.

Question 34

What did The United States do in spirit of "containment" to stop the spread of communism?

Answer 34

Banking anti-communist elements of regimes.

Question 35

How did mutually assured destruction (MAD) result in relative peace?

Answer 35

Neither superpower could attack the other without causing its own destruction.

Question 36

What happened in the cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 36

American spy planes found Soviet missile bases being built in Cuba.

Question 37

What is one modern example of the imposition of liberalism?

Answer 37

The U.S declaring war on Afghanistan after 9/11 because they supported terrorists and because their regime was extremely oppressive.

Question 38

Why is environmentalism an example of resistance to liberalism?

Answer 38

Because protecting the environment requires taking away some freedoms from people. it comes with economic and social costs that liberal societies have been reluctant to pay.

Question 39

how was liberalism challenged by the aboriginal collective thought?

Answer 39

by the way land was used and ownership was viewed, as well as the collective Aboriginal community versus the focus on the individual in the European way of thinking.

Question 40

in what ways can religion sometimes intervene with liberalism?

Answer 40

Although liberal societies allow everyone to practice their religion freely, sometimes it comes in concat with the law, and is not allowed. Example: polygamy is forbidden in Canada but practiced by some religions.

Question 41

What is Detente?

Answer 41

a series of treaties made between the Soviet Union and the US drafted to limit the nuclear arsenals of the superpowers and to prevent the development of nuclear weapons in other countries.

Question 42

The most important treaties are...

Answer 42

- The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 (NPT) - The first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 1972 (SALT I) - The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1972 (ABM treaty) - The second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 1979 (SALT II)

Question 43

When did the period of detente end?

Answer 43

1979 with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and tensions once again began to rise.

Question 44

What ultimately ended the Cold War in the mid 1980's

Answer 44

Gobachev introduces a series of new reforms: Perestroika (restructuring), the reform of the soviet economy, and glasnost (openness), the reform of the soviet political structure to make it more transparent and free. Ultimately resulting in the collapse of the Soviet Union.