Resource Management Flashcards
What does resource management require?
planning and control and every stage in supply chains
What is considered during the design of a product?
- market research
- competition
- available finance
- past products
- product differentiation
- target audience
What is considered when establishing a new supply chain?
- Distribution channel
- external factors i.e currency
- delivery costs
- sustainability
- costs
- availability
What is considered when working with suppliers?
- possible trade credit
- relationships
- budget –> cost per unit
- design
- capacity and volume
- deadlines
- spread risk
What is considered when managing quality?
- TQM
- Quality assurance (as you go)
- Quality control (end)
- Quality circles
- skilled labour
- motivate workforce
- training
What is considered when achieving high levels of efficiency?
- Kaizen (continuous improvement)
- new technology
- training
- targets/motivators
- minimise waste
- labour productivity
- lower unit costs and low variable costs per unit
What is production?
measures the quantity of output
What are the two methods of production?
labour and capital intensive
What is labour intensive production?
automation using machinery
What is capital intensive production?
using highly skilled people and workforce
What are the different types of production?
Job
Batch
Flow
Cell
Which type of production has the highest labour costs and lowest?
most job
cell
batch
least flow
What is job production?
Where low volumes of goods are produced which are tailored to high customer expectations using a skilled workforce.
What are positives and negatives of job production?
+ altered for customers, higher quality, motivation, flexible, high profit margin
- Increase variable cost per unit and fixed costs per unit , labour intensive, requires close consultation, high training, Long lead-time, hard to deal with.
What is batch production?
Producing a large number of identical products created in stages before moving onto the next stage that’s related to it
What are positives and negatives of batch production?
+ economies of scale, customer choice, specialist, allows unexpected orders, lower cost per unit, utilise assets
- takes time between production, requires higher stock levels, tasks may be repetitive, size depends on capacity utilisation
What is flow production?
Where production is continuous and progressive through stages where only one type of product is being produced.
What are positives and negatives of flow production?
+ capital intensive, low costs, mostly autonomous, economies of scale, time efficient, less training.
- competitive, obsolete technology, repair and maintenance, demotivating for staff, high initial costs, requires constant demand and supply, high risk
What is cell production?
Methods where workers are organised into multi-skilled teams each responsible for a particular part of the production.
What are positives and negatives of cell production?
+ improved communications, efficient management, workers become multi-skilled, low stock requirement (just in time), improved lead time
- reduces use of machinery, more hierarchy and increased costs, create competition, may be slow, has to build trust.
What are factors to consider when deciding on method of production?
Skills required Competition Desired quality Finance available Capacity required Ethical stance Legal issues Size of organisation Dyamics PESTLE Trends and traditions
How do you work out output per work ?
Total output / number of employees
How do you work out productivity per time?
Output / time period
What is productivity?
Important measure of efficiency.
