resources

Question 1

what is a stock resource

Answer 1

a finite resource that will no be replenished in our life time

Question 2

what is a flow resource

Answer 2

a resource that can be constantly replenished but will not be depleted when we use it.

Question 3

give an example of flow resource

Answer 3

hydropower, solar power

Question 4

what is a primary resource

Answer 4

something you can use to produce energy without having to change it. e.g. coal, oil, gas, hydropower

Question 5

what is a secondary resource?

Answer 5

something that needs to be modified in order to make energy.
e.g. wave energy, nuclear energy.

Question 6

what is resource curse

Answer 6

when a country has one resource to rely on but this makes the country extremely vulnerable to the prices of that resource dropping which can lead to an economic crash. e.g. Senegal and the ground nuts

Question 7

what is a critical flow resource

Answer 7

a resource which can be exhausted if not carefully managed.
e.g. timber and water

Question 8

what is a measure reserve

Answer 8

a resource where quality grade or quantity has to be measured to ensure that they can be estimated with confidence in order to call them proven reserves

Question 9

what is an indicated reserve

Answer 9

part of the mineral resource for which grade or quality and characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.

Question 10

possible resource

Answer 10

part of the mineral resouce for which quality grade or quantity can only b estimated on the basis of limited geological sampling.

Question 11

probable reserve

Answer 11

economic extraction of the measured and/or indicated resource is justified

Question 12

possible reserves

Answer 12

deposits though to exist because the geological reserve terrain is similar to areas that have yielded comparable deposits but not exploration has taken place yet.

Question 13

recoverable reserve

Answer 13

amounts pf a resource likely to be extracted for commercial use within a certain time period and at certain level of technology.

Question 14

what is economic viability (resources)

Answer 14

if the resource is worth enough to balance to cost extraction

Question 15

what 4 things should be considered before extracting a mineral

Answer 15

what is economic viability - if the resource is worth enough to balance to cost extraction

physical availability - patterns and quantities of the resources around the world

legal/ political access - do you have permission to extract the resources from the gov? in most countries the gov owns the resource but in 48 states of america, the resource belongs to the land owner, and they grant the permission for it to be extracted.

environmental concerns - can the resource b extracted without causing unnecessary harm to the environment.

Question 16

what is the difference between a high and low grade mineral

Answer 16

high grade means that there will be low wastage as there is a high percentage of the mineral within the ore
low grade means high wastage as there is little percentage of the mineral within the ore.

Question 17

what geopolitical risks are there from extracting minerals

Answer 17

concentration of production in a relatively small number of countries
possibility of conflict, war or other major political tensions in producing regions

Question 18

what does OPEC stand for

Answer 18

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Question 19

what are some of the opec countries

Answer 19

iraq, iran, saudi arabia, Venezuela, UAE, Nigeria, Niger, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Algeria, Libya, Kuwait

Question 20

What is the main aim of opec?

Answer 20

to stabilise oil prices

Question 21

what are resource frontiers

Answer 21

areas that have never been extracted for minerals
e.g. Arctic and the shetland islands

Question 22

water case study Cali Oroville dam
how many tonnes of water can it contain?

Answer 22

4.3 billion cubic metres

Question 23

water case study Cali Oroville dam
what was the purpose of the oroville dam?

Answer 23

to provide water to the arid climate of Southern california because the water supply from colorado river were insufficient to sustain the regions growth.

Question 24

water case study Cali Oroville dam
what does the dam provide in the San Joaquin Valley and the coastal southern california?

Answer 24

major supply of water for irrigation for SJV
industrial supply of water coastal southern California.

Question 25

water case study Cali Oroville dam where is the dam located

Answer 25

in southern cali it takes water from the feather river.

Question 26

water case study Cali Oroville dam what are some social impacts of the creation of the dam

Answer 26

flooding valleys means some people lose their homes as they are relocated loss of farmland livelihood and heritage

Question 27

water case study Cali Oroville dam impacts on plants and animals

Answer 27

-could change the habitat as the water becomes still instead of flowing -flow is affected downstream -less sediment transported downstream

Question 28

water case study Cali Oroville dam impact on sedimentation

Answer 28

sediment builds up behind the dam which reduces water capacity downstream less sediment is carried by the river less sediment for farmland in the lower course fewer nutrients if natural flooding takes place

Question 29

water case study Cali Oroville dam impacts on water quality

Answer 29

river water contains dissolved oxygen which is needed to maintain aquatic animal and plant life and to prevent some types of chemical reactions that form unwanted pollution oxygen levels can be reduced by decomposition of dead organic matter taking oxygen dissolved in the water pollutants flowing into the water can build up as the water is still and they are no longer washed out of the river by the flow.

Question 30

water case study Cali Oroville dam impact on historical sites

Answer 30

sites including culturally significant buildings and graves are lost when a valley is inundated following dam completion

Question 31

water case study Cali Oroville dam what is being done to minimise impacts on wildlife

Answer 31

fish catchteries: fish can no longer able to travel the length of the river, affecting fish populations downstreams The elderberry shrubs found along the lake are home to longhorn beetles, (threatened species). There are rules in place about the proximity of pesticides to elderberries to preserve these beetles’ habitat.

Question 32

water case study Cali Oroville dam benefits of the dam

Answer 32

reduced flooding one fifth of the capacity is kept available for flood control in winter and early spring the dam protects the sacramento valley slipways release water from the lake but can also control the flow if downstream rivers have less discharge hydroelectric power Edward Hyatt Powerplant is the largesy hydrielecyric facility in the state water project system and can produce 819 megawatts and 1 megawatt can produce enough electricity for 400-900 homes in a year so around 573300 homes

Question 33

water case study Cali Oroville dam how does climate change affect the water levels

Answer 33

increased droughts lower water levels low water levels mean there may not be enough pressure to to allow the HEP plant to operate so water and energy security could be affected