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Geography > Resources management - Food inc. optional element > Flashcards

Resources management - Food inc. optional element Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is there an increasing demand for food in the UK?

A

UK population growth
(Despite a productive farming industry, we important 40% of our food)

Demand for seasonal products all year round

Wider food tastes- growing demand for high value food imports such as avocados and spices

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2
Q

Why does the UK import food?

A

Demand for greater choice and more exotic foods

UK food production can be expensive

Cheaper food from abroad

UK climate is unsuitable for some food production

Demand for seasonal produce all year round

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3
Q

What are the advantages of large food miles?

A

Helps transform people’s standard of living in LICs

Greater variety of food

Farming in LICs doesn’t contribute to global warming as it is more labour intensive rather than relying on machinery

Growing food in the UK in greenhouses is very expensive and energy intensive

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of large food miles?

A

Carbon footprint (carbon emissions and climate change)

Food needs lots of chemicals like preservatives to stay fresh (bad for health)

Doesn’t support UK farmers

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5
Q

What is agribusiness?

A

Intensive farming aimed at maximising amount of UK food production

Farms are run as commercial business

High levels of investment and use modern tech and chemicals

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6
Q

What is organic farming?

A

Food grown without chemicals

Increasing demand for organic produce

Local and seasonal produce

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7
Q

What are some advantages of agribusiness?

A

Produces large amounts of food quickly and cheaply

Satisfies demand from UK population

Profitable (small amount of workers due to mostly machinery)

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8
Q

What are some advantages for organic farming?

A

Health benefits

Better for environment (no chemicals)

Encourages wildlife with more hedges and wild field margins (supports biodiversirty)

Better flavour

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9
Q

What are some disadvantages of agribusiness?

A

Chemicals get into the food supply and water supply

Hedgerows removed

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10
Q

What are some disadvantages of organic farming?

A

Can’t mass produce

Expensive

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11
Q

Definition of food security

A

Having access to enough safe, affordable, nutritious food to maintain a healthy, active life

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12
Q

Definition of food insecurity

A

Being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

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13
Q

Why is the global demand for food increasing?

A

Population growth

Economic development

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14
Q

Why is the global demand for food growing? 6 marker

A

The world’s population is predicted to grow from 6.1 billon in 2000 to 9.2 billion in 2050. This means that there are more mouths to feed. However, it will grow much faster in poor areas such as Africa where population is growing at 2.51% per year and slower in rich continents such as Europe where population is growing at 0.1%

There is a clear correlation between the areas with greatest population growth and the areas with the highest levels of undernourishment

As countries develop and become NEEs such as India and China people become rich and their diets change. They eat more meat and less rice.

The grain is fed to animals to produce the meat people eat rather than being eaten by people. The grain is fed to animals to produce the meat people eat rather than being eaten by people.

This means more resources are needed to feed the people of the country. People also eat more convenience food which increases calorie intake

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15
Q

How many hectares is the Lynford House Farm in East Anglia?

A

570 hectares

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16
Q

What foods does Lynford House Farm grow?

A

Wheat, sugar beet and potatoes

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17
Q

What are some features of of Lynford House Farm?

A

Flat fertile land which is intensively farmed to maximise productivity and profitability

Machinery costs are high but make the farm efficient as they only employ a small amount of workers

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18
Q

What does the Riverford Organic Farm in Devon do?

A

Delivers boxes of vegetables around the UK

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19
Q

What are some of the features of Riverford Organic Farm?

A

Reduce food miles

Supports local farmers

Provides local employment

Builds strong link between grower and consumer

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20
Q

What is irrigation?

A

Applying water to land in order to supply crops and other plants with necessary water

There are various types of irrigation that can be used such as drip irrigation (water dripped from holes in pipes directly onto the soil)

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21
Q

How can irrigation increase food supply?

A

Irrigation can increase crop yields when water supply is low or unreliable.

This is especially important in arid climates

The problem is that irrigation can cause further water stress in a region

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22
Q

What are aeroponics?

A

Growing plants are suspended in a mist environment without the use of soil

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23
Q

What are hydroponics?

A

A method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water, without the use of soil. Plant roots are dangled into the solution

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24
Q

How do aeroponics and hydroponics increase food supply?

A

These methods use less water than traditional soil-growing methods

Conditions can be optimized for plant growth

Plants can also be stacked on top of one another

The problem is that these methods are expensive and require expert knowledge

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25
What is the new Green revolution?
A combination of modern technology and traditional farming to boost food production is poorer countries
26
How does the new Green Revolution increase food supply?
It aims to improve crop yields in LICs in a more sustainable way by educating people about - Drought-resistant plants - Pest-resistant plants - Pest and disease control - Appropriate farming methods - Crop rotation
27
What is Biotechnology?
Genetically modified crops have been manipulated for a variety of benefits including: - Improved nutritional value of crops (eg rice with added vitamins ) - Improved shelf life - Improved resistance to drought, pests and diseases
28
How does Biotechnology increase food supply?
Genetic engineering is used to improve food supply May not lead to an increase in food supply There are also ethical and environmental concerns
29
What is appropriate technology?
Technology that is simple and cheap for the communities in which they will be used It is a low-tech solution suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of the people Eg: Human-powered pumps (easy to maintain) and a simple drop irrigation system made from local materials
30
How does appropriate technology increase food supply?
This strategy is aimed for poorer communities. It is one that they can use for generations to come
31
What is an example of large-scale agricultural development?
Almeria, Spain
32
Why is it hard to grow crops in Almeria?
It is hot and dry Difficult to grow plants with water
33
How many hectares of greenhouse does Almeria have?
40,000
34
What is a social advantage of Almeria?
Plants can be grown outside of their normal growing season, increasing the variety of diet for people throughout the year
35
What are two social disadvantages of Almeria?
The greenhouses often use pesticides to protect the crops from pests. These increase health risks for people working there and have been proven to cause some cancers Some of the immigrants are from North Africa and work illegally in Spain, this raises tensions in the region
36
What are two economic advantages of Almeria?
The scheme brings in over $1.5 billion per year in income Many agribusinesses have located in the area providing high quality R&D jobs. Especially in the Almeria Agribusiness cluster
37
What are two environmental disadvantages of Almeria?
The plastic used has badly damaged local ecosystems and the environment Waste plastic is often burnt and this is toxic and hazardous to human health Local riverbeds have been blocked up and so there are fears that these could break and cause catastrophic flooding during intense rainstorms in this part of Spain
38
What are two environmental advantages of Almeria?
Hydroponics mean that the plants only get the nutrients they need via the drip hoses, there is less waste Strict EU rules on quality have helped cut chemical use and raise the standards of production
39
What is the meaning of sustainable food supply
Food that is produced in ways that does not damage the environment and provides social benefits such as good quality food and safe and healthy products It should also contribute to local economies
40
What is organic farming?
Production of food without the use of chemicals such as pesticides and artificial fertilisers
41
What are the benefits for the environment? (organic farming)
Food is produced in harmony with the environment and reduces the harmful effects of chemicals Protects biodiversity
42
What are the benefits for the people? (organic farming)
Organic food brings health benefits Organic farmers tend to sell their produce close by, reducing food miles
43
What are the disadvantages? (organic farming)
Labour intensive Lower yield compared to intensive farming Makes organic produce more expensive
44
What is permaculture?
Similar to organic farming Promotes farming in harmony with the natural environment Rainwater harvesting, crop rotation, mixed cropping
45
What are the benefits for the environment? (permaculture)
Soil remains healthy
46
What are the benefits for the people? (permaculture)
Mixed cropping provides a varied diet
47
What are the disadvantages? (permaculture)
Not really adopted in LICs and NEEs yet
48
What are urban farming initiatives?
Conversion of water or derelict land into productive farmland or vegetable gardens. This can also happen on rooftops
49
What is the Michigan Urban Farming Initiative?
Urban communities are encouraged to work together to turn wasteland into productive farmland -Provides jobs and easier access to healthy food Over 150 raised garden beds have been created on waste ground for use by local communities
50
What are the benefits for the environment? (UFI)
Improves green space in the city Improves biodiversity
51
What are the benefits for the people? (UFI)
Promotes healthier diets and lifestyle in urban areas Often community initiatives which promote social cohesion
52
What are the disadvantages? (UFI)
Land is often in demand and there is pressure to develop this land for other more profitable uses
53
What are the environmental benefits of obtaining fish and meat from sustainable sources?
Sustainable fishing using lines and poles rather than nets conserves fishing stocks Sustainable livestock rearing commonly involves pasture fed free range animals with minimal use of chemicals/vaccinations
54
What are the benefits for the people? (fish and meat)
Benefits the environment and higher standards of animal welfare Good feeling-ethical consumerism
55
What are the disadvantages? (fish and meat)
Lower productivity so the sustainably sourced products tend to be more expensive in order for them to be more profitable
56
What is seasonal food consumption?
Only buy food when it is in season eg strawberries in June/July only
57
What are the environmental benefits (seasonal food consumption)
Reduces food miles and therefore carbon emissions
58
What are the benefits for the people? (seasonal food consumption)
Fresh produce more available at local farmers markets-health benefits
59
What are the disadvantages? (seasonal food consumption)
Only eating seasonal foods may be limiting and our diets will be less varied
60
What are the benefits for the environment (reduced waste and losses)?
Composting of food waste which can be used as a natural fertilisers Less food waste going to landfill Rotting food produced methane which is a greenhouse gas
61
What are the benefits for the people? (reduced waste and losses)
Food waste can generate methane which be used to generate energy Using up food helps families save money Food preservations makes food last longer which is more convenient
62
What are the disadvantages? (reduced waste and losses)
Still considerable wastage of food
63
What is an example of sustainable farming in a LIC or NEE?
Jamalpur, Bangladesh
64
Where is Jamalpur?
A very poor area in the north of the capital city Dhaka and is a very agricultural area
65
What is rice fish farming?
It is when small, indigenous fish that can live in flooded paddy fields are introduced to flooded paddy fields whilst the rice is growing
66
How is rice fish farming good for the fish
They are safely hidden away from birds The fish can thrive in the dense rice plants
67
How is rice fish farming good for the rice
Fish dropping act as a source of fertiliser Fish eat insect pests They help keep oxygen circulating around the fish field Can increase rice yields by up to 10%
68
How is rice fish farming good for the farmers?
A diet of fish is an excellent source of protein and so improves people's health Extra rice yields not only put meals on tables but also enable families to sell surplus food at market
69
Why is the rice farming scheme in Bangladesh good overall?
It is sustainable Involves using local people and expertise Improves diet Relatively easy to establish Good example of appropriate technology
70
What factors affect global food supply?
Climate Technology Pests and diseases Water Stress Conflict Poverty

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