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Pre-reg exam 2021 > Resources Pharm- side effects > Flashcards

Resources Pharm- side effects Flashcards

1
Q

What colour does Senna cause your urine to be?

A

Red/yellow

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2
Q

What colour does sulfasalazine cause your urine to be?

A

Yellow-orange

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3
Q

What colour does phenindione cause your urine to be?

A

Pink/orange

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4
Q

What colour does levodopa preparations cause your urine to be?

A

Reddish/darker

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5
Q

What colour does entacapone cause your urine to be?

A

Reddish brown

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6
Q

What colour does nefopam cause your urine to be?

A

Pink

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7
Q

What colour does Clofazimine cause your urine to be?

A

Red

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8
Q

What colour does nitrofurantoin cause your urine to be?

A

Yellow/brown

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9
Q

What colour does rifabutin cause your urine to be?

A

Orange-red

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10
Q

What colour does rifampicin cause your urine to be?

A

Orange-red

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11
Q

What colour does dantrone medicines cause your urine to be? e.g. co-danthramer, co-danthrusate

A

Red

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12
Q

What colour does triamterene medicines cause your urine to be? e.g. Frusene, co-triamterzide

A

Blue in some lights

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13
Q

What colour does deferiprone cause your urine to be?

A

(iron chelator)

Reddish brown

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14
Q

True or false:

SSRIs are less sedating and are associated with fewer antimuscarinic and cardiotoxic side effects than tricyclic antidepressants

A

True

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15
Q

What are the side effects of antidepressants that could contribute to a fall?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, postural hypotension, visual disturbances

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16
Q

What are the side effects of antipsychotics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Postural hypotension, drowsiness, unsteady gait (walking), confusion

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17
Q

What are the side effects of antimuscarinics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision

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18
Q

What are the side effects of benzos and hypnotics e.g. zopiclone that could contribute to a fall?

A

Drowsiness, unsteady gait (walking), confusion

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19
Q

What are the side effects of dopaminergic drugs used in Parkinson’s that could contribute to a fall?

A

Sudden onset of sleep, postural hypotension, confusion

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20
Q

What are the side effects of ACEi and ARBs that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

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21
Q

What are the side effects of alpha blockers that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

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22
Q

What are the side effects of anti-arrythmics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Bradycardia, arrhythmias, dizziness

23
Q

What are the side effects of antiepileptic drugs that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, visual disturbances

24
Q

What are the signs of phenytoin toxicity?

A

Confusion, visual disturbances, fever, drowsiness and ataxia

25
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech

26
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

27
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

28
Q

Make a list of drugs that commonly cause diarrhoea

A 
Magnesium containing antacids
H2 antagonists 
PPIs 
Misoprostol 
Aminosalicylates 
Orlistat 
Digoxin 
Methlydopa 
ACEi 
SSRIs 
Antibiotics 
Sulphonylureas e.g. gliclazide, glipizide 
Metformin 
Acarbose 
Levothyroxine (usually at excessive dose) 
Cytotoxic drugs e.g. methotrexate 
Iron preparations 
NSAIDs 
Colchicine 
Leflunomide
29
Q

Make a list of drugs that commonly cause constipation

A

Aluminium containing antacids
Antispasmodics (mebeverine, peppermint oil)
Colestyramine
Diuretics
Antihypertensive drugs e.g. clonidine, methyldopa, propranolol, verapamil
Sedating antihistamines e.g. chlorphenamine, promethazine
Opioid analgesics
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) e.g. moclobemide, phenelzine
Antipsychotics e.g. amisulpride, chlorpromazine, clozapine
Antiparkinson drugs e.g. entacapone, pramipexole, procyclidine, selegiline
Antiepileptic drugs e.g. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, pregabalin,
Alpha blockers e.g. prazosin, tamsulosin
Iron preparations
Calcium supplements
Bisphosphonates

30
Q

Make a list of drugs that commonly cause hyperkalaemia

A 
Potassium-sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists
Beta blockers 
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) 
Angiotensin receptor antagonists 
Aliskiren (renin inhbitor) 
Digoxin at toxic levels 
Heparin 
Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole 
Ciclosporin 
Tacrolimus 
Potassium supplements or salts 
NSAIDs
31
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause diarrhoea

A 
Magnesium containing antacids
H2 antagonists 
PPIs 
Misoprostol 
Aminosalicylates 
Orlistat 
Digoxin 
Methlydopa 
ACEi 
SSRIs 
Antibiotics 
Sulphonylureas e.g. gliclazide, glipizide 
Metformin 
Acarbose 
Levothyroxine (usually at excessive dose) 
Cytotoxic drugs e.g. methotrexate 
Iron preparations 
NSAIDs 
Colchicine 
Leflunomide
32
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause constipation

A

Aluminium containing antacids
Antispasmodics (mebeverine, peppermint oil)
Colestyramine
Diuretics
Antihypertensive drugs e.g. clonidine, methyldopa, propranolol, verapamil
Sedating antihistamines e.g. chlorphenamine, promethazine
Opioid analgesics
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) e.g. moclobemide, phenelzine
Antipsychotics e.g. amisulpride, chlorpromazine, clozapine
Antiparkinson drugs e.g. entacapone, pramipexole, procyclidine, selegiline
Antiepileptic drugs e.g. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, pregabalin,
Alpha blockers e.g. prazosin, tamsulosin
Iron preparations
Calcium supplements
Bisphosphonates

33
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hyperkalaemia

A 
Potassium-sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists
Beta blockers 
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) 
Angiotensin receptor antagonists 
Aliskiren (renin inhbitor) 
Digoxin at toxic levels 
Heparin 
Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole 
Ciclosporin 
Tacrolimus 
Potassium supplements or salts 
NSAIDs
34
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hypokalaemia

A 
Laxatives (excessive use)
Diuretics 
High dose beta 2 agonists 
Theophylline 
High dose penicillins 
Gentamicin 
Amphotericin 
Echinocandin antifungals 
High dose insulin 
Corticosteroids 
Cisplatin 
Sodium bicarbonate 
Parecoxib
35
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hypernatraemia

A 
Diuretics
Sodium bicarbonate 
Sodium chloride 
Corticosteroids 
Anabolic steroids 
Adrenocorticotrophic steroids 
Androgens 
Oestrogens
36
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hyponatraemia

A 
ACEi
Heparin 
Diuretics 
Antidepressants 
Antipsychotics 
Carbamazepine 
Eslicarbazepine 
Oxcarbazepine 
Atovaquone 
Amphotericin 
Sulphonylureas 
Desmopressin 
Cyclophosphamide 
Acetazolamide
37
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause neutropenia

A 
Aminosalicylates
Captopril 
Hydralazine 
Phenothiazines 
Clozapine 
Imipramine 
Valproic acid 
Carbamazepine 
Ethosuximide 
Phenytoin 
Atovaquone 
Cephalosporins 
Chloramphenicol 
Chloroquine 
Ciprofloxacin 
Metronidazole 
Sulphonamides 
Carbimazole 
Propylthiouracil 
Deferiprone 
Ibuprofen 
Indometacin 
Anakinra 
Allopurinol 
Colchicine 
Gold 
Methotrexate 
Penicillamine
38
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause thrombocytopenia

A 
Digoxin
Heparin 
Abciximab 
Eptifibatide 
Tirofiban 
Carbamazepine 
Phenytoin 
Sodium Valproate 
Chloramphenicol 
Linezolid 
Penicillins 
Sulphonamides 
Propylthiouracil 
Interferon alfa and beta 
Phenylbutazone 
Azathioprine 
Ciclosporin 
Gold 
Infliximab 
Rituximab 
Methotrexate 
Penicillamine 
Sulfasalazine
39
Q

What pulmonary side effect can NSAIDs cause?

A

Bronchospasm

40
Q

What pulmonary side effects can amiodarone cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusions, pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia, bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia, postoperative ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

41
Q

What pulmonary side effects can methotrexate cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary oedema, pleuritic pain, pleural thickening

42
Q

What pulmonary side effects can nitrofurantoin cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity lung reactions, pleural effusion, bronchospasm

43
Q

What pulmonary side effects can mitomycin C cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchospasm

44
Q

What pulmonary side effects can bleomycin cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis

45
Q

What pulmonary side effects can infliximab cause?

A

Respiratory tract infection, pulmonary oedema, bronchospasm, pleurisy, pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis

46
Q

Make a list of drugs that cause insomnia

A

Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) e.g. phenelzine, tranylcypromine
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) e.g. fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine
Bupropion
Pseudoephedrine
Highly lipid soluble beta-blockers such as propranolol, labetalol and metoprolol are more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause insomnia
Antiepileptics e.g. lamotrigine, phenytoin
Lipophilic statins (simvastatin and atorvastatin) are more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause insomnia
Methylphenidate
Corticosteroids
Levothyroxine (usually due to excessive dosage)
Griseofulvin
Theophylline
Beta2 agonists e.g. salbutamol, salmeterol
Oxycodone

47
Q

Is cetirizine a sedating antihistamine?

A

No

48
Q

Is acrivastine a sedating antihistamine?

A

No

49
Q

Is hydroxyzine a sedating antihistamine?

A

Yes

50
Q

Is promethazine a sedating antihistamine?

A

Yes

51
Q

Make a list of drugs that require patient counselling on reporting sore throats due to risk of blood dyscrasias?

A

• Aminosalicylates (e.g. Mesalazine, Sulfasalazine) Full blood count should be performed
and the drug stopped immediately if there is suspicion of a blood dyscrasias.
• Mirtazapine
• Carbamazepine
• Ethosuximide
• Phenytoin
• Sodium valproate
• Co-trimoxazole
• Trimethoprim
• Carbimazole
• Gold (Drug for rheumatic disease)
• Penicillamine (Drug for rheumatic disease)
• Methotrexate
• Azathioprine (transplant recipient) Bone marrow suppression – patients should be warned to
report any signs or symptoms of bone marrow suppression e.g. inexplicable bruising, bleeding or
infection.

52
Q

What can G6PD deficiency lead to?

A

Haemolytic anaemia and can occur from taking certain drugs

53
Q

What drugs have a risk of haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals?

A
  • Dapsone
  • Methylene blue
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Primaquine
  • Quinolones
  • Sulphonamides
  • Aspirin
  • Chloroquine
  • Menadione
  • Quinine
54
Q

What drug classes cause AKIs (CANDA)?

A 
Contrast Media
ACEi 
NSAIDs 
Diuretics 
ARBs

Pre-reg exam 2021 (11 decks)

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