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Systems 1a Revision Decks > Resp. Anatomy > Flashcards

Resp. Anatomy Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

The left side of the chest drains its lymph into where?

A

The thoracic duct

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2
Q

The right side of the chest drains its lymph into where?

A

The right lymphatic duct

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3
Q

What is the anatomical definition of the thoracic outlet?

A

The inferior aperture of the ribcage

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4
Q

What parts of the body boarder the thoracic outlet by the anatomical definition?

A

The 11th and 12th pair of ribs, T12, the costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 and the xiphoid process

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5
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

The abdominal diaphragm

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6
Q

What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve?

A

Anterior rami of C3, 4 and 5

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7
Q

What are the motor functions of the phrenic nerve?

A

Innervates the diaphragm

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8
Q

What are the sensory functions of the phrenic nerve?

A

Supplies the central part of the diaphragm

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9
Q

What nerves innervate the peripheral parts of the diaphragm?

A

Intercostal nerves T7-T12

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10
Q

What is the central attachment of the diaphragm?

A

The central tendon

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11
Q

What are the three peripheral attachments of the diaphragm?

A
  • The xiphoid process
  • Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
  • Lumbar spine via acrurate ligaments
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12
Q

Parts the diaphragm that arise from the vertebra are known as what?

A

Crura (left and right crus)

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13
Q

Where does the right crus arise?

A

L1-L3

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14
Q

Where does the left crus arise from?

A

L1-L2

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15
Q

What feature of the right crus helps to prevent gastric reflux?

A

Fibres wrap around the oesophageal opening

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16
Q

What are the hiatuses of the diaphragm?

A

Openings to allow vessels down into the peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

Where does the canal hiatus occur? What does it transmit

A

T8 - allows the transmission of the inferior vena cava and phrenic nerve through the central tendon

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18
Q

Where does the oesophageal hiatus occur?

A

T10 - allows the passage of the oesophagus and the both vagus nerves through the sling of the right crus

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19
Q

Where does the aortic hiatus occur?

A

T12 - allows transmission of descending aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein between the left and right crura

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20
Q

What kind of shape is the first rib?

A

Flat and broad

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21
Q

Describe the features of the head of the first rib

A

Articulates with the first thoracic vertebra only

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22
Q

Describe the features of the upper surface of the body of the first rib

A

Two grooves separates by a scalene tubercle

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23
Q

What is the function of the scalene tubercle?

A

To allow attachment of the anterior scalene muscle

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24
Q

What is the structure associated with the anterior groove of the first rib?

A

The subclavian vein

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25
What structures are associated with the posterior groove of the first rib?
The subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus
26
How are the upper and lower respiratory tracts divided into different regions?
T4
27
What region of the neck is the larynx found and how far does it extend?
C3-C6 from the tip of the epiglottis to the inferior boarder of the cricoid cartilage
28
What innervates the larynx?
Branches of the vagus nerve
29
What five structures comprise the larynx?
Epiglottis, hyoid bone, thyroid, arytenoid and corniculate cartilages
30
What structure of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence?
The thyroid cartilage
31
At what location does the hyoid bone occur?
C2-C3
32
At what location does the thyroid membrane occur?
C4
33
At what location does the laryngeal prominence occur?
C5
34
At what location does the cricoid cartilage occur and the trachea begin?
C6
35
Describe the lobed structure of the right lung?
Superior lobe, horizontal tissue, middle lobe, oblique fissure and inferior lobe
36
Describe the lobed structure of the left lung?
Superior lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe, cardiac notch, lingula
37
What is the lingula?
The homologue structure of the middle lobe on the left lung
38
What is the lung hilum?
The region of the lung located on the mediastinal surface
39
What is the root of the lung?
The structures that enter/leave the lung on the hilum
40
What are the pleura of the lungs?
Membranes that surround the lungs
41
What pleura adhere to the inferior boarder of the ribcage?
The parietal
42
What pleura adheres to the lungs themselves?
Visceral
43
What fills the pleural cavity?
Pleural fluid
44
What is the region of spaces between the left and right lung called?
The mediastinum
45
The root of the right lung has an additional structure; what is this/
The eparietal bronchus (right primary bronchus is called hyparietal bronchus)
46
What is the region of the lung pleura close to the apex of the lungs referred to as?
Cupular
47
What is the region of the lung pleura close to mediastinum referred to as?
Mediastinal pleura
48
What is the region of the lung pleura close to the ribs referred to as?
The costal pleura
49
What is the region of the lung pleura close to the diaphragm referred to as?
The diaphragmatic pleura
50
Describe the nerve supply of the parietal pleura
Somatic nerves (IC and phrenic)
51
Describe the nerve supple of the visceral pleura
Autonomic nerves (T2-T5)
52
The nerves of the pleura are sensitive to what stimulus?
Pain
53
What is a pleural reflection
A place where the direction of the pleura changes
54
What is a pleural recess?
An increased space between the layers of the pleura occurring at the pleural reflections
55
What two reflections and recesses surround the lungs?
Costophrenic/Costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal
56
Where does the costomediastinal reflection and recess occur
Cardiac notch of the left lung
57
Where does the costodiaphragmatic (costophrenic) reflection and recess occur?
Below the lungs
58
Which bones articulate with the manubrium at its superolateral angles?
The ribs
59
What is the name given to the joints of the bones which articulate with the manubrium at its superolateral angles?
Costochondral joints
60
What is the name given to the notch formed by the superior boarder of the manubrium?
The jugular notch
61
At what vertebral level is the xiphisternal process located?
T9
62
The bodies of which thoracic vertebrae will the head of rib seven articulate?
T7 and T8
63
Which structures lie in the costal groove?
Intercostal artery, vein and nerve
64
What is the scientific name for true ribs?
Vertebrosternal
65
What are the true ribs?
1-7
66
What are the false ribs?
8-10
67
What is the proper name for false ribs?
Vertebrochondral ribs
68
What are the floating ribs?
No anterior attachment to sternum - ribs 11 and 12
69
Which bones boarder the thoracic inlet?
First rib, T1 and the manubrium
70
Which ribs form the costal margin (subcostal angle)?
Casual cartilages of ribs 7-10
71
External intercostal layer of the intercostal muscles are orientated which way?
Anteromedially
72
Internal intercostal layer of the intercostal muscles are orientated which way?
Anteriolaterally
73
innermost Internal intercostal layer of the intercostal muscles are orientated which way?
Vertically
74
How far do the external intercostal muscles extend?
Costalchondral function anteriorly
75
What is the remaining segment of rib covered by externally up to the sternum?
External intercostal membrane
76
How far do the internal intercostal muscles extend?
Costal angles posteriorly
77
The rest of the internal IC muscle lamina is made up of what structure? To where does it extend?
Internal intercostal membrane extending to the thoracic vertebrae
78
How much space do the innermost intercostal muscles fill?
The central half of the ribcage
79
What extended anteriorly and posteriorly respectively in absence of the innermost intercostal muscle?
Anterior - Transversus thoracis muscles Posterior - subcostalis muscles
80
Where are the collateral branches of the neuromuscular bundles found in relation to the rib?
Above it
81
In cadaveric material, how do you distinguish between the phrenic and vagus nerve?
Phrenic is more lateral and remains relatively anterior The vagus nerve is thicker
82
Describe the distribution of vessels in the root of the lung
Posterior - bronchus Anterior - superior pulmonary vein Superior - pulmonary artery Inferior - inferior pulmonary vein
83
What structure lies above the pulmonary artery in the root of the right lung?
Eparietal bronchus (lesser bronchus)
84
What is a ahem-pneumothorax?
Presence of both blood and air in the thoracic cavity
85
What is it called when pus gets into the thoracic cavity?
Pyothorax
86
What is the name given to the smooth muscle around the wall of the trachea?
Trachealis
87
Describe the difference in the distribution of cartilage in the bronchi and trachea?
Trachea - rings | Bronchi - plates of cartilage
88
Where does the neuromuscular bundle sit in the IC muscles?
In-between the internal and innermost IC muscle
89
In the tunica media of arteries, how is the elastic lamina laid down?
In fenestrated sheets

Systems 1a Revision Decks (22 decks)

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