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MAD Exam 3 > Resp and Cards Viruses > Flashcards

Resp and Cards Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

influenza virus family

A

orthomyxovirus

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2
Q

influenza structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(-) RNA, linear, SEGMENTED (8 segments)

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3
Q

influenza structure

A

enveloped, helical

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4
Q

influenza entry

A

HA glycoprotein mediates binding and cell entry

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5
Q

influenza assembly/egress

A

NA (neuraminidase) glycoprotein is involved in RELEASE of progeny virus from cells; cleaves sugars that bind mature virus particles

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6
Q

what is important about the segments of influenza

A

can show a dramatic antigenic SHIFT by reassortment

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7
Q

influenza epidemiology

A

*influenza A - shift AND drift
*influenza B - no shift, just DRIFT

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8
Q

influenza transmission

A

respiratory droplets
direct contact
fomites

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9
Q

influenza clinical course

A

*headache, fever, malaise, myalgias, cough
*pneumonia and secondary bacterial infections may follow

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10
Q

influenza testing

A
  1. rapid antibody/antigen test
  2. PCR of nasal secretions
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11
Q

influenza treatment

A

oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor)

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12
Q

influenza vaccine

A

KILLED quadravalent vaccine
live, attenuated nasal spray

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13
Q

adenovirus structure - nucleic acid

A

dsDNA, linear

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14
Q

adenovirus structure

A

naked, icosahedral

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15
Q

adenovirus transmission

A

respiratory
fecal-oral
direct contact

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16
Q

adenovirus clinical course

A

*pharyngoconjunctival fever: pharyngitis, conjunctivitis w/o pus, cough, sore throat
*acute hemorrhagic cystitis: boys (5-15) with dysuria and hematuria
*myocarditis
*acute respiratory distress in spring/fall

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17
Q

adenovirus common source of infection

A

swimming pools!

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18
Q

picornavirus family members

A

1) enteroviruses:
*Coxsackie
*Echovirus
*Polio

2) Rhinovirus

3) Hep A

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19
Q

Coxsackie A structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

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20
Q

Coxsackie A structure

A

naked, icosahedral

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21
Q

Coxsackie A transmission

A

fecal-oral

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22
Q

Coxsackie A clinical course

A

*think: MUCOUS MEMBRANES
*herpangina (painful mouth sores)
*acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
*HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
*common cold
*aseptic meningitis

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23
Q

Coxsackie A testing

A

PCR (nasal swab or blood)

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24
Q

Coxsackie B structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

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25
Coxsackie B strucuture
naked, icosahedral
26
Coxsackie B transmission
fecal-oral
27
Coxsackie B clinical course
*THINK: ORGAN INVOLVEMENT *myocarditis, pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy *Bornholm disease / devil's grip: inflammation of muscles around the lungs, making it difficult to breathe *common cold *aseptic meningitis
28
Coxsackie B testing
PCR (nasal swab or blood)
29
echovirus structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
30
echovirus structure
naked, icosahedral
31
echovirus transmission
fecal-oral
32
echovirus clinical course
*acute febrile illness in infants/young children *aseptic meningitis *neonatal sepsis *MYOCARDITIS
33
echovirus testing
PCR (nasal swab or blood)
34
rhinovirus structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
35
rhinovirus structure
naked, icosahedral
36
rhinovirus entry
ICAM-1 cellular receptor
37
rhinovirus important info
acid-LABILE (destroyed by stomach acid)
38
rhinovirus clinical course
#1 cause of common cold
39
SARS-Cov (2002-2004) structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
40
SARS-Cov (2002-2004) structure
enveloped, helical
41
SARS-Cov (2002-2004) binding
SPIKE PROTEIN mediates binding
42
SARS-Cov (2002-2004) replication
polyproteins processed by viral proteases PLP and 3CLpro
43
SARS-Cov (2002-2004) clinical course
severe acute respiratory syndrome
44
COVID-19 structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
45
COVID-19 structure
enveloped, helical
46
COVID-19 binding
binds to cellular ACE2 protein, via COVID-19 spike
47
COVID-19 clinical course
1. severe acute respiratory syndrome 2. multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): looks like Kawasaki's disease; can be fatal; occurs AFTER COVID-19; tx with immunosuppressives
48
COVID-19 treatments
1. Remdesivir (IV; if hospitalized) 2. Paxlovid (if outpatient)
49
pneumovirus family members
*RSV *human metapneumovirus
50
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) structure - nucleic acid
ss(-) RNA, linear
51
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) structure
enveloped, helical
52
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) entry
F and G proteins on virus surface
53
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical course
1. adults: common cold 2. infants/premature: bronchiolitis, necrosis of bronchioles, atypical pneumonia
54
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
1. Abrysvo: give to mom so she makes antibodies and protects baby 2. Nirsevimab *live, attenuated
55
human metapneumovirus structure - nucleic acid
ss(-) RNA, linear
56
human metapneumovirus structure
enveloped, helical
57
human metapneumovirus transmission
direct contact respiratory
58
human metapneumovirus clinical cours
*"this kid must have RSV, but test is negative..." *common cold *severe disease in premature infants and immunocompromised *more severe in asthma and COPD patients
59
parainfluenza structure - nucleic acid
ss(-) RNA, linear
60
parainfluenza structure
enveloped, helical
61
parainfluenza transmission
direct contact respiratory
62
parainfluenza clinical course
**CROUP: subglottal swelling and hoarse, barking cough (infants and young kids) *otherwise, cold symptoms
63
hantavirus structure - nucleic acid
ss(-) RNA, linear, 3 circular segments
64
hantavirus family
bunyavirus
65
hantavirus epidemiology
contact with RODENTS (saliva, feces, and/or urine)
66
hantavirus clinical course
1. hantavirus hemorrhagic fever: renal syndrome, headaches, back and abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, blurred vision, rash 2. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: often FATAL; flu-like, fever, cough, myalgias, headache, then sudden SHORTNESS OF BREATH with evolving PULMONARY EDEMA

MAD Exam 3 (28 decks)

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