Resp Buzzwords

Question 1

What does stony dullness on percussion indicate?

Answer 1

Pleural effusion

Question 2

What are the X-ray signs of pulmonary oedema?

Answer 2

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobes vessels, pleural effusion

Question 3

What does ground-glass appearance on a CXR indicate?

Answer 3

Pulmonary fibrosis or Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

Question 4

Ziehl-Neelsen stain postive for acid fast bacilli?

Answer 4

TB

Question 5

Caseous necrosis can be a sign of what disease?

Answer 5

TB

Question 6

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies indicate?

Answer 6

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 7

Causative organism for a chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

Answer 7

Chlamoydophila psittaci

Question 8

Dry cough & diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread indicate what?

Answer 8

Legionell pneumonia (test urine for antigens)

Question 9

Tall, thin young man (possibly indulge in marijuana)

Answer 9

Probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

Question 10

What are the signs of sarcoidosis?

Answer 10

Bilateral hilar lyphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis & weight loss

Question 11

Signet ring sign on CT (Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole)

Answer 11

Bronchiectasis

Question 12

D sign on CXR

Answer 12

Empyema

Question 13

“steeple” sign on CXR

Answer 13

Croup/Laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 14

Child with barking cough

Answer 14

Croup

Question 15

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 15

HIV (treat with Co-Trimaoxazole) +/- predisolone if severe

Question 16

What organism would you worry about in an Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

Answer 16

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 17

What organism is associated with Red Jelly sputum?

Answer 17

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 18

What organism is associated with Mucoid sputum?

Answer 18

Chlamydia psittaci

Question 19

What disease is associated with Rusty sputum?

Answer 19

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 20

What are cannonball mets (+ weight loss + haematuria) associated with?

Answer 20

Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

Question 21

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

Answer 21

Samter’s triad (Aspirin induced pneumonia)

Question 22

Morning headache

Answer 22

Hypercapnia or Organic nitrate side effect

Question 23

ACTH secreting lung tumour?

Answer 23

Small cell carcinoma

Question 24

PTCH secreting lung tumour?

Answer 24

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 25

Small cell carcinoma characteristics?

Answer 25

Neuroendocrine, highly malignant, ay be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

Question 26

What is associated with increased serum ACE & Ca2+

Answer 26

Sarcoidosis

Question 27

Eggshell classification at hilar region on CXR?

Answer 27

Silicosis

Question 28

Ghon focus?

Answer 28

Area of infection & nacreous necrosis at lung periphery. Found with TB.

Question 29

Assmann focus?

Answer 29

Apical lesion of secondary TB

Question 30

'coin lesion' on CXR

Answer 30

Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma. Metastatic tumour, bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous infection, lung abscess.

Question 31

Horner's syndrome cause?

Answer 31

Pancoast's tumour or local spread of cancer to intrathoracic nodes.

Question 32

Horner's syndrome symptoms?

Answer 32

Droopy eyelid, constricted pupil, lack of sweating on ipsilateral side of face. With or without enopthalmos (inset eyeball) (Due to invasion of cervical sympathetic chain)

Question 33

Acute management of Asthma?

Answer 33

OSHIT MAN Oxygen 100% through non-rebreather mask. Salbutamol nebuliser back-to-back . Hydrocortisone IV or Presnisolone PO. Iptratropium bromide nebuliser hourly. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV. Magnesium & Call an anaethetist/ambulance.

Question 34

Thumbprint sign on Head X-ray?

Answer 34

Epiglottis

Question 35

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough ?

Answer 35

Pertussis

Question 36

Snow storm appearance on CXR?

Answer 36

baritones silicosis

Question 37

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 37

iSOAP | iptratropium. Salbutamol, Oxygen, Amoxicillin, Prednisolone.

Question 38

Non smoker + lung cancer indicates what kind of tumour?

Answer 38

Adenocarcinoma (peripheral)

Question 39

Squamous + small cell lung cancers are located where in the lungs?

Answer 39

Central

Question 40

Adenocarcinomas are located where in the lungs?

Answer 40

Peripheral

Question 41

High D-dimers indicate?

Answer 41

Suspect (but not diagnose) PE. Need to send for CTPA or V/Q scan

Question 42

Low D-dimers indicate?

Answer 42

Exclude PE

Question 43

Large PE treatment?

Answer 43

Thrombolysis

Question 44

Small PE treatment?

Answer 44

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

Question 45

What are the TB drugs?

Answer 45

2 RIPE 4 RI- 2 months Rifampicin, Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, Ethambutol. 4 months Rifampicin, Isoniazid.

Question 46

Rifampicin

Answer 46

Red/orange coloured bodily fluids

Question 47

Isoniazid

Answer 47

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 48

Pyrazinamide

Answer 48

Arthralgia

Question 49

Ethambutol

Answer 49

Optic neuritis/ myalgia