Resp Mech II

Question 1

specific compliance

Answer 1

Compliance/ (Total Lung Capacity)

Question 2

total compliance

Answer 2

1/total compliance= 1/lung compliance + 1/chest wall compliance

series*

Question 3

esophageal balloon

Answer 3

measures lung compliance solely

Question 4

protein deficient in emphysema

Answer 4

alpha-1-antitrypsin

Question 5

alveolar simplification

Answer 5

loss of alveoli in lung due to smoking in emphysema

Question 6

what is FRC in emphysema

Answer 6

big spaces due to alveolar simplification cause less elastic recoil, increasing FRC, decreases gas exchange (area)

Question 7

centrilobar emphysema

Answer 7

smoking and occupational hazards, top part of lung at central respiratory bronchioles

Question 8

panacinar emphysema

Answer 8

genetic loss of AAT or Ritalin-induced,
destroys entire alveolus uniformly and involves the lower part of the lung

pulmonary hypertension, damaged lung tissue

Question 9

Decrease in compliance

Answer 9

fibrosis and loss of surfactant

PV shift right, TLC reduced, compliance lowered

Question 10

Increase in compliance

Answer 10

emphysema, age

PV shift left, TLC increased, compliance increased

Question 11

decrease in surfactant

Answer 11

decreased compliance bc

increased ST and alveolar collapse

Question 12

removal of lobe

Answer 12

decreased compliance bc
lungs in parallel
chest wall and lungs in series

Question 13

pulmonary vascular congestion

Answer 13

decreased compliance bc

pulmonary edema washes away surfactant

Question 14

Pasouille’s Eq (laminar flow)

Answer 14

R= (8nl) X (1/r^4)

Question 15

Airway resistance

Answer 15

1/Rtot= (1/R1) +…+ (1/Rn)

alveoli have smallest resistance and large airways have most

parallel*

Question 16

silent zone of the lung

Answer 16

region containing small airways because of low airway flow velocity and low air resistance

Question 17

alveolar pressure during exhalation

Answer 17

becomes positive

Question 18

how does airway remain open during exhalation

Answer 18

expansile forces due to positive alveolar pressure and negative Pple

Question 19

Dynamic compression

Answer 19

point at which pressure outside is greater than pressure inside, causing collapsing transmural forces

Question 20

reduce the diameter by 1/2

Answer 20

increase it by 16x

Question 21

Bernoulli’s effect

Answer 21

faster airflow, lower pressure, promotes collapse

flow rate fastest in the big airways, that’s why the require cartilage

Question 22

airways in emphysema

Answer 22

loss of radial traction and tissue

Question 23

airways in asthma

Answer 23

edema of wall during episode

mucus further narrows airway

thus increasing velocity

Question 24

tethering

Answer 24

alveoli connected, decreases risk of collapse due to connection with other alveolus

lost in emphysema–> yet again, more collapse

Question 25

tidal volume

Answer 25

volume of air insipired/expired with each breath | 500 mL

Question 26

dead space volume

Answer 26

air which a person breathes, but isn't used for gas exchange. (150 mL) fills respiratory passages (nose, pharynx, trachea)

Question 27

residual volume

Answer 27

amount of air which lungs can exhale (1-2 liters)

Question 28

BTPS

Answer 28

37*C, 760 mmHg, saturated with Water Vapor

Question 29

total lung capacity

Answer 29

volume of air in lungs after maximal inspiratory effort (6000 mL)

Question 30

forced vital capacity (FVC)

Answer 30

amount of air that can be quickly exhaled during forced exhalation (4600 ml)

Question 31

forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)

Answer 31

amount exhaled in 1 sec, which should be 80% of FVC (1-2 liters)

Question 32

functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 32

volume of air in lung when lung and chest wall have equal recoil force (2300 ml) **equilibrium**

Question 33

Lung Capacity

Answer 33

sum of two or more lung volumes

Question 34

what can you direct measure

Answer 34

TV, FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%

Question 35

what cant be directly measured

Answer 35

RV, FRC, TLC

Question 36

body position effect on FRC

Answer 36

supine: guts push, decreased upright: guts pull, increased (10-15%)

Question 37

what decreases FRC?

Answer 37

pregnancy and obesity & kyphoscoliosis