Resp Mechanisms I

Question 1

visceral pleura

Answer 1

insensitive to pain, stretch fibers only

Question 2

parietal pleura

Answer 2

somatic afferent and intercostal nerves

perceives pain

Question 3

most common cause of pleurisy

Answer 3

viral infections

Question 4

number of generations and number of alveoli

Answer 4

23; 8 mil

Question 5

what generations does gas exchange occur?

Answer 5

last 4; alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 6

Residual volume

Answer 6

amount of air left in lungs at 0 cm H2O

Question 7

Compliance

Answer 7

dV/dp (represents softness)

the slope of P-V curve

Question 8

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Answer 8

where the elastic recoil forces of lung and chest wall are equal and opposite

aka mouth open, respiratory muscles relaxed, amount in lung

Question 9

Lung tissue elastic recoil

Answer 9

polymer molecules that make up physical lung, exert recoil forceq

Question 10

surface tension forces

Answer 10

cause recoil due to surfactant/water in alveoli

most important

Question 11

LaPlaces Law

Answer 11

2T/r

P is inverse relationship to r

Question 12

without surfactant, how does pressure move

Answer 12

little guy’s air goes to big guy’s air bc of radius pressure inverse relationship

Question 13

R to L shunt

Answer 13

vascular pathway in which there is no gas exchange; from right side of heart to lung

Question 14

Surfactant composition

Answer 14

90% phospholipid, 10% proteins

DPPC

amphiphilic

Question 15

surfactant/surface tension relationship

Answer 15

inverse

Question 16

IRDS

Answer 16

absence of surfactant due to prematurity
causes lung distress and shunting
signs: grunting. hypoxemia, cyanosis

Question 17

surfactant pressure exchange

Answer 17

causes big guy to go to little guy until pressure is equal

Question 18

tripod COPD

Answer 18

leans forward and supports body by hands on knees

takes advantage of neck and upper chest muscle= increased O2 into lungs

Question 19

which intercostal muscles are used during breathing?

Answer 19

forced exhalation: internal intercostals, ab muscles

inhalation: diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 20

Boyle’s Law

Answer 20

constant temperature, P and V inverse relationship

Question 21

transmural pressure

Answer 21

pressure difference inside and outside of pleural cavity

Ptm: Palv-Ppl

Question 22

tension pneumothorax

Answer 22

more and more air enters pleural cavity recesses with each breath

mediastinum shifts to opposite side of collapse

Question 23

non-tension pneumothorax

Answer 23

air in recess, but doesn’t accumulate

Question 24

atelectasis

Answer 24

partial or total collapse of lung without entrance of air

*mediastinum moves to side of collapse

Question 25

spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 25

w/o any blunt force trauma or med procedure

Question 26

non-spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 26

w/ blunt force trauma/med procedure

Question 27

primary spontaneous pneumorthorax

Answer 27

w/o any existing lung pathology

Question 28

2nd spontaneous PTX

Answer 28

arising due to lung disease (i.e. COPD)

Question 29

traumatic pneumothorax

Answer 29

blunt force trauma (i.e stab wound)

Question 30

iatrogenic PTX

Answer 30

trauma due to medical procedure (i.e. pacemaker insertion)