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Flashcards in Respi Deck (23)
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1
Q

Albuterol

[MOA, clinical use]

A

B2-agonist, for Asthma.
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles (B2).
For acute exacerbation (fast onset, short duration).

2
Q

Salmeterol, Formoterol

[MOA, clinical use]

A

B2-agonist, for Asthma.
Bronchodilation.
Long-acting, for prophylaxis (slow onset, long duration).

3
Q

Fluticasone, Budesonide

[MOA, clinical use]

A

Corticosteroids.
1st line: chronic asthma.
Inhibit cytokine synthesis; inactivates NF-KB (transcription factor for TNF-a).
Anti-inflammation, bronchodilator.

4
Q

Ipratropium

[MOA, clinical use]

A
Muscarinic antagonist (bronchodilator).
Prevents bronchoconstriction.
For Asthma, COPD.
5
Q

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

[MOA, clinical use]

A

Antileukotrienes, block leukotriene receptors.
Esp. good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Monitor liver enzymes (inc.).

6
Q

Zileuton

[MOA, clinical use, toxicity]

A

> 5-lipoxygenase path inhibitor (rate-limiting enzyme) – Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.
For anti-inflammation in Asthma.
Hepatotoxic.

7
Q

Theophylline

[MOA, clinical use, Toxicity]

A

Methylxanthine.
>Inhibits phosphodiesterase – dec. cAMP hydrolysis – inc. cAMP.
>For bronchodilation in asthma, COPD.
>Limited use: Cardiotoxic, neurotoxic (permeable to all tissues).

8
Q

1st gen H1 blockers

Drug names

A

Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Chlorpheniramine

9
Q

1st gen H1 blockers

MOA

A

Reversibly inhibits H1 receptors.

Dec. parasympathetic tone of arterioles.

10
Q

1st gen H1 blockers

Clinical use

A

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

11
Q

1st gen H1 blockers

Toxicity

A

Sedation (CNS depressant).

Anticholinergic, antiemetic (antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic).

12
Q

2nd gen H1 blocker

Drug names

A

Loratidine, fexofenadine, desloratidine, cetirizine

13
Q

2nd gen H1 blockers

MOA

A

Reversibly inhibits H1 receptors.

Dec. parasympathetic tone of arterioles

14
Q

2nd gen H1 blockers

Clinical use

A

Allergy

15
Q

Guaifenesin

[MOA, clinical use]

A

Expectorant.
Thins respi secretions; less viscous mucus.
Doesn’t suppress cough reflex.

16
Q

N-acetylcysteine

[MOA, clinical use, antidote for what]

A

Mucolytic.
>Loosens mucus plugs by breaking disulfide bonds (in CF pts); lessens viscosity.
>Antidote: acetaminophen overdose.

17
Q

Dextromethorphan

[MOA, clinical use, toxicity]

A

Antitussive.
Codeine analog, mild opioid – Naloxone for overdose.
Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors.
May cause serotonin syndrome.

18
Q

Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine

MOA

A

alpha-adrenergic agonists.

Dec. airway resistance – vasoconstriction in nasal passages.

19
Q

Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine

Clinical use

A

Nasal decongestant.

Reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion.

20
Q

Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine

Toxicity

A

HTN

CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)

21
Q

Omalizumab

[MOA, clinical use]

A

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody.
Binds to unbound IgE; blocks IgE binding to mast cells and basophils – lowers free serum IgE.
For allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and B2-agonists.

22
Q

Bosentan

[MOA, clinical use, SE]

A

> Antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors to dec. pulmo vasculature resistance.
For Pulmonary HTN.
Hepatotoxic (monitor LFTs)

23
Q

Sildenafil

[MOA, clinical use]

A

> PDE-5 inhibitor – inc. cGMP, prolongs vasodilatory effect of NO.
For pulmonary HTN, erectile dysfunction.