respiration

Question 1

what are the 2 phases of glycolysis

Answer 1

energy investment (atp utilisation)
energy payoff (atp formation)

Question 2

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 2

cytosol

Question 3

what are the raw materials needed for glycolysis

Answer 3

glucose, inorganic phosphates, ATP, NAD

Question 4

what are the products of glycolysis

Answer 4

2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

Question 5

outline the steps of glycolysis

Answer 5

1. glucose is activated through phosphorylation, where glucose is converted to fructose 1,6 biphosphate
2. there is hydrolysis of 2 ATP to provide phosphate group and energy
3. fructose 1,6 biphosphate is cleaved to form 2 glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P)
4. each G3P is oxidised while NAD is reduced to NADH, supplying electrons that are needed for oxidative phosphorylation ( which drives ATP production)
5. ADP undergoes substrate level phosphorylation of ADP to produce 4 ATP per glucose molecule. Hence, there is a net gain in ATP)

Question 6

what are the 4 stages of aerobic respiration and where do they take place

Answer 6

1. glycolysis (cytosol)
2. link reaction (mitochondrial matrix)
3. krebs cycle (mitochondrial matrix)
4. oxidative phosphorylation (inner membrane)

Question 7

outline the process of link reaction

Answer 7

1. pyruvate produced in glycolysis enters the mitochondria via active transport
2. pyruvate is oxidised to form acetate and carbon dioxide is produced
3. co-enzyme attaches to acetate to form acetyl coA