Respiration Flashcards
(31 cards)
Respiratory system
The respiratory system, which is the system in your body that helps you breathe
Main job of the Respiratory system
It brings in oxygen (O₂) from the air so your body can use it to produce energy through a process called cellular respiration (how your cells make energy).
It also helps get rid of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is a waste product made when your body produces energy.
what is the connection to the Circulatory system
The respiratory system works closely with the circulatory system (which includes your heart and blood vessels) to move oxygen through your body and remove carbon dioxide.
Other functions
Besides breathing, the respiratory system helps you smell (olfaction) and talk (speech).
What is the four steps of respiration
how your body takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
- Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing)
2.External Respiration
- Transport of Respiratory gases
- Internal Respiration
Pulmonary Ventilation
This is the process of breathing in (inspiration) and breathing out (expiration).
Inspiration: Air enters your lungs from the atmosphere.
Expiration: Air leaves your lungs and goes back into the atmosphere
External Respiration
This happens in the lungs.
Oxygen (O₂) moves from the lungs into the blood.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) moves from the blood into the lungs, so you can breathe it out.
Transport of Respiratory Gases
The heart and blood help transport these gases around the body.
Oxygen is carried from the lungs to different body tissues.
Carbon dioxide is carried from the body’s tissues back to the lungs.
Internal Respiration
This happens inside your body’s cells.
Oxygen moves from the blood into the cells so they can use it for energy.
Carbon dioxide moves from the cells into the blood so it can be taken back to the lungs and removed.
Upper Respiratory Tract
These are the parts that air passes through before reaching your lungs:
Nose and Nasal Cavity – The nose is where air enters, and the nasal cavity helps filter, warm, and moisten the air before it goes deeper.
Paranasal Sinuses – These are air-filled spaces in the skull that help lighten the head, produce mucus, and improve the voice.
Pharynx (Throat) – This is the passage that connects the nose and mouth to the lower airways.
Lower Respiratory Tract
These parts help move air deeper into the body and allow oxygen to enter the blood:
Larynx (Voice Box) – This helps with breathing, swallowing, and producing sound.
Trachea (Windpipe) – A tube that connects the throat to the lungs, allowing air to pass through.
Bronchi and Branches – These are tubes that split from the trachea into the lungs, directing air deeper inside.
Lungs and Alveoli – The lungs are the main breathing organs, and alveoli are tiny air sacs inside them where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.
what is the only part of the respiratory system
The nose is the only part of the respiratory system that you can see from the outside.
It plays an important role in breathing and air preparation before it enters the lungs.
Functions of the nose
Provides an Airway – It allows air to enter and exit your body.
Moistens and Warms Air – It adds moisture and heat to the air so it doesn’t dry out your lungs.
Filters and Cleans Air – Tiny hairs and mucus trap dust, dirt, and germs before they reach your lungs.
Helps with Speech – The shape of your nose affects how your voice sounds.
Houses Olfactory Receptors – These receptors help you smell things.
Two Main Parts of the Nose
External Nose – The part you see on your face.
Nasal Cavity – The space inside your nose that helps with breathing, filtering air, and smelling.
What is nares
(also called nostrils) are the two openings in your nose that allow air to enter and exit.
They are bounded laterally by the alae, which means the sides of your nostrils are formed by small, curved structures that help shape them.
The nostrils play an important role in breathing, filtering air, and smelling.
Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity is the space inside your nose that helps with breathing, filtering air, and smelling.
How is the nasal cavity divided into two halves
nasal septum, which is made of cartilage and bones and the posterior nasal apertures (choanae) are the openings at the back of the nasal cavity that lead to the throat (nasopharynx
The roof of nasal cavity is made of the
ethmoid and sphenoid bones
What is the hard palate and soft palate
The floor is made of the hard palate (bone) and soft palate (muscle), which separate the nose from the mouth.
Nasal Vestibule (Entrance Area)
This is the first part of your nasal cavity, right inside your nostrils.
It has tiny nose hairs called vibrissae, which trap dust, dirt, and other big particles so they don’t go into your lungs.
Mucus membrane
Your nasal cavity is covered with a mucous membrane, which helps trap smaller particles and keeps the inside of your nose moist.
Two Special Types of Mucosa (Lining)
Olfactory Mucosa – This is the part at the top of your nasal cavity that helps you smell things. It has special smell-detecting cells called olfactory epithelium
Respiratory Mucosa – This covers most of the nasal cavity.
It has tiny hair-like structures (cilia) that help move mucus and trapped dirt away.
It also has goblet cells, which produce mucus to keep your nose moist.
Nasal glands
in this area make extra mucus to help clean the air you breathe
paranasal sinuses
The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the bones of your skull, surrounding your nose. They help your respiratory system in many ways.
These sinuses are located in four bones of your skull:
Frontal bone (forehead area)
Sphenoid bone (behind the nose)
Ethmoid bone (between the eyes)
Maxillary bone (cheeks)
