Respiration 1.3

Question 1

What is the Aerobic respiration word equation ?

Answer 1

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 2

What is the symbol equation for Aerobic respiration ?

Answer 2

C^6 H^12 O^6 + 6 O^2 —> 6 CO^2 + 6 H^2 O

Question 3

Why does the body need a constant supply of energy?

Answer 3

The body needs energy because it is always moving (breathing/heart beating), maintaining a constant internal body temperature (37 Celsius degrees), and carrying out essential cellular reactions and processes.

Question 4

What are some essential cellular processes that require energy?

Answer 4

Essential processes include active transport, sending nerve impulses, cell division, and protein synthesis.

Question 5

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 5

The two types of respiration are aerobic and anaerobic.

Question 6

What is Aerobic respiration?

Answer 6

A chemical process that uses oxygen to produce energy from glucose.

Question 7

Why do muscle cells have lots of mitochondria while whole fat cells have few ?

Answer 7

Muscle cells have lots of mitochondria because the muscles need to contract.
Fat cells use very little energy.

Question 8

Where and when does aerobic respiration take place ?

Answer 8

In the mitochondria.
All the time (24 hours).

Question 9

What is exothermic ?

Answer 9

Releases thermal energy to the surroundings.

Question 10

What is anabolic respiration?

Answer 10

Reactions that build up large molecules from smaller ones.

Question 11

What is catabolic?

Answer 11

Reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones.

Question 12

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 12

An exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells.

Question 13

What is endothermic?

Answer 13

A reaction which takes in energy from the environment.

Question 14

What is ethanol?

Answer 14

A type of alcohol produced in anaerobic respiration by microorganisms.

Question 15

What is exothermic?

Answer 15

A reaction which transfers energy into the environment.

Question 16

What is fermentation?

Answer 16

The process of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

Question 17

What is glucose (C^6 H^12 O^6 ) ?

Answer 17

A simple sugar used as a respiratory substrate.

Question 18

What is glycogen?

Answer 18

A stored form of glide found in the muscles and liver.

Question 19

What is Lactic acid (C^3 H^6 O^3) ?

Answer 19

A waste product an anaerobic respiration in muscle cells which causes muscle fatigue as it builds up.

Question 20

What is metabolism?

Answer 20

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or body.

Question 21

What is the metabolic rate ?

Answer 21

The amount of energy expended by an organism in a given time period - usually daily.
At rest known as BMR - basal metabolic rate.

Question 22

What is Mitochondria?

Answer 22

A sub-cellular structures where aerobic respiration takes place.

Question 23

What is muscle fatigue?

Answer 23

When muscles get tired and stop contracting efficiently.

Question 24

What is oxygen debt ?

Answer 24

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells.

Question 25

What is the recovery period ?

Answer 25

The time after exercise stops where oxygen debt is repaid - heart rate and breathing rate stay higher than normal.

Question 26

What is Yeast?

Answer 26

A microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide (fermentation).

Question 27

Is oxygen required for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Why is fermentation used when making beer and wine ?

Answer 28

Ethanol is produced to make beer and wine.

Question 29

Eukaryotic cells respire continuously to transfer energy. Give two uses of energy transferred by respiration in eukaryotes.

Answer 29

-Active transport -synthesis of new molecules -movement

Question 30

Name the cell structure in a eukaryotic cell where aerobic respiration occurs.

Answer 30

Mitochondria.

Question 31

During exercise what happens to the body?

Answer 31

-feel hotter -heart rate increases -breathe faster and deeper (increased breathing rate and breath volume)

Question 32

Why do muscle cells store glycogen rather than glucose ?

Answer 32

-glycogen is insoluble -it won’t affect the concentration gradient between the inside and outside of the cell.

Question 33

Which structure prevents blood flowing the wrong way in the heart ?

Answer 33

Valves

Question 34

Which blood vessels take blood away from the heart ?

Answer 34

Arteries

Question 35

In the legs, blood in the arteries is different from blood in the veins. What are two differences between blood in the arteries and blood in the veins in the legs?

Answer 35

1. Blood in the arteries has less carbon dioxide 2. Blood in arteries has more oxygen

Question 36

What is the Anaerobic respiration word equation?

Answer 36

Glucose —> Lactic acids + energy

Question 37

What is the word equation for fermentation?

Answer 37

Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

Question 38

Similarities of anaerobic respiration and fermentation.

Answer 38

-transfer energy -oxygen not used -both use glucose as an reactant

Question 39

Differences in Anaerobic respiration and fermentation

Answer 39

-fermentation produces ethanol -products are different

Question 40

What do organisms need energy for ?

Answer 40

-chemical reactions to build larger molecules -muscle contraction for movement -keeping warm

Question 41

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 41

Aerobic replacement uses oxygen, anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen.

Question 42

Why does aerobic respiration release more energy per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration?

Answer 42

Oxidation of glucose is complete in aerobic respiration and incomplete in anaerobic respiration.

Question 43

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called ?

Answer 43

Fermentation

Question 44

What substrate builds up in the muscles during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 44

Lactic acid

Question 45

What happens to muscles during long periods of activity?

Answer 45

Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently

Question 46

How is lactic acid removed from the body?

Answer 46

Lactic acid in muscles —> blood transports to the liver —> lactic acid converted back to glucose

Question 47

What is metabolism?

Answer 47

Sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body

Question 48

Is oxygen required for aerobic respiration?

Answer 48

Yes.