Respiration

Question 1

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 1

Releasing energy from food using oxygen

Question 2

What is anaerobic reparation?

Answer 2

Releasing energy from food without using oxygen

Question 3

When does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 3

When there is not enough oxygen available

Question 4

Disadvantages of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Lactic acid is released in the muscles

This can cause pain (cramps)

Question 5

Advantages of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 5

Muscles can release energy for a short period when not enough oxygen is available e.g. 100m sprints

Question 6

What is an oxygen debt?

Answer 6

Created after anaerobic respiration

Breathing deeply after exercise, to get oxygen to the muscle, breaks down lactic acid to water and carbon dioxide

Question 7

A fit person can….

Answer 7

Breathe in a greater volume of air

Produce less lactic acid

Break down lactic acid faster

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration in yeast formula

Fermentation

Answer 8

Glucose➡️➡️➡️ ethanol+ carbon dioxide

Question 9

Formula for respiration

Answer 9

Glucose+oxygen➡️➡️➡️carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY

Question 10

What is respiration?

Answer 10

The process which occurs in cells to release the energy from food substances

Question 11

Equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 12

Equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 12

Glucose = lactic acid + energy

Question 13

Which is less efficient? Anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 13

Anaerobic

Less energy is released per molecule of glucose

Question 14

When can anaerobic respiration occur in humans?

Answer 14

During vigorous exercise, where the demand for oxygen is greater than the lungs can supply

Question 15

What is the name given to the shortage of oxygen?

Answer 15

Oxygen debt

Question 16

How does the body lay back the oxygen debt?

Answer 16

By breathing faster and deeper for a while after the exercise has finished

Question 17

After the extra oxygen is taken into the body after oxygen debt, how is the lactic acid broken down?

Answer 17

Into carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

Equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 18

Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 19

What is ethanol?

Answer 19

An alcohol

Question 20

What is the name given to anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 20

Fermentation

Question 21

What controls the chemical reactions in respiration?

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

What happens when there is not enough oxygen for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 22

The cells switch to another form of respiration, anaerobic respiration

Question 23

Job of the respiratory system?

Answer 23

To get oxygen into the blood, to be carried around the body for use in respiration and to remove waste carbon dioxide from the blood

Question 24

Why do we need a respiratory system?

Answer 24

Diffusion of oxygen through the body surface would be too slow to supply the innermost tissues.

Question 25

What are the organs of gas exchange?

Answer 25

The lungs

Question 26

What are alveoli and what do they do?

Answer 26

Air sacs where gas exchange takes place

Question 27

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 27

Thin walls of the alveoli mean that gases can pass through easily and quickly. They have a good blood supply, so more gases can be exchanged The moist lining allows oxygen to dissolve, which is necessary before it can diffuse through the wall

Question 28

Difference between inspired/expired air?

Answer 28

Inspired is air breathed in | Expired is air breather out

Question 29

How is expired air different to inspired?

Answer 29

Has less oxygen Has more carbon dioxide Has more water vapour

Question 30

What happens when breathing in?

Answer 30

Diaphragm moves down and rib cage moves up and out. Causes increase in the volume of the thorax. Pressure is lower inside the thorax. This allows lungs to expand, air is drawn In.

Question 31

What happens when breathing out?

Answer 31

Diaphragm moves upwards and rib cage moves in and down, this decreases the volume and increases the pressure in the thorax. Increased pressure compresses the lunches and air is pushed out

Question 32

What does the lining of the respiratory system produce?

Answer 32

Sticky mucus

Question 33

What does mucus do in the respiratory system?

Answer 33

Traps dust and bacteria from the air breathed in

Question 34

What are cilia?

Answer 34

Delicate hair like structures which line the trachea and bronchioles

Question 35

What do they cilia do?

Answer 35

They move, constantly shifting the mucus to the top of the trachea where it is swallowed

Question 36

What does inhalation of smoke do to the cilia?

Answer 36

Paralyses them. The mucus and trapped particles will sink into the lungs and irritate them, damaging the lung tissue and increasing the risk of disease.

Question 37

Hat two diseases does smoking or tobacco products cause..

Answer 37

Lung cancer and emphysema

Question 38

What is emphysema caused by?

Answer 38

Inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, and damage to the alveoli. It causes coughing and difficulty to breathe.

Question 39

What happens during lung cancer?

Answer 39

Tumours grow in lungs and may spread to other parts of the body via the blood stream, as the lungs have a very good bloody supply

Question 40

How smoking causes cancer? (Chemicals)

Answer 40

Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens, they cause cancer.

Question 41

How smoking causes disease? (Mucus)

Answer 41

Smoke paralyses cilia, lungs become clogged by mucus and irritated by the particles trapped in the mucus. This develops emphysema

Question 42

How does smoking cause disease? (Tar)

Answer 42

Tar clogs up lungs and makes it more difficult to breathe, leads to emphysema

Question 43

How people's attitudes to smoking have changed?

Answer 43

Fewer people are smoking People are more aware of effects of passive smoking Cigarette packages carry health warnings Smoking bans have been introduced to public places Age limit for buying cigarettes has been raised