Respiration

Question 1

What does the upper airway function to do? (3)

Answer 1

1. Warm air to 37C
2. Add water vapour
3. Filter foreign material

Question 2

Goblet Cell

Answer 2

Produces mucus

Question 3

Ciliated epithilium

Answer 3

Cilia move and push muscus up in the watery saline layer

Question 4

What 2 channels are used to create the water saline layer?

Answer 4

NKCC & Anion Channel

Question 5

Type 1 cells in alveoli

Answer 5

Thin cells that allow for gas exchange

Question 6

Type 2 cells in alveoli

Answer 6

Synthesize and secrete surfactant

Question 7

Why are elastic fibres important

Answer 7

For recoil

Question 8

And increase in lung volume (inhale) creates a decreased alveolar pressure so air is…

Answer 8

sucked in

Question 9

What can be used to measure volume of air moved with each breath?

Answer 9

Spirometer

Question 10

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 10

volume of air moved during a single inspiration or expiration

Question 11

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 11

Additional volume inpsired after tidal volume

Question 12

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 12

Additional volume forcefully exhaled at the end of a normal expiration

Question 13

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 13

Volume of air left in lungs after maximal exhalation

Question 14

Why is RV important?

Answer 14

It holds the stretch of the lungs

Question 15

Vital Capacity (VC) ? How is it calculated?

Answer 15

Maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of lungs in one breath: IRV + TV + ERV

Question 16

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 16

Maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible inspiratory effort: VC + RV

Question 17

What defines a capacity ?

Answer 17

2 or more lung volumes together

Question 18

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 18

Amount of air that can be inspired: VT + IRV

Question 19

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 19

Amount of air remaining in lungs at the end of a normal expiration: ERV + RV

Question 20

Anatomical Dead Space

Answer 20

volume of air in trachea not involved in gas exchange

Question 21

Physiological (or alveolar) Dead Space

Answer 21

Volume of air in all other lung regions that is not involved in gas exchange

Question 22

In every inhale, what fraction is dead space

Answer 22

1/3

Question 23

Alveolar ventilation volume (Va)

Answer 23

Volume of air involved in gas exchnage

Question 24

Increased depth of breathing is more effective than…

Answer 24

increased rate

Question 25

Intrapleural pressure causes...

Answer 25

the lungs to adhere to the thorax

Question 26

Compliance

Answer 26

Lung's ability to stretch

Question 27

WHere is compliance affected

Answer 27

Cystic Fibrosis = scar tissue build up

Question 28

A lung that stretches easily (increased compliance and decreased elastance) is like what

Answer 28

An old pair of leggings that doesnt go back to OG shape

Question 29

Elastance

Answer 29

Ability of lung to return to original shape

Question 30

WHere is elastance affected

Answer 30

Emphasyma/COPD - have to forcefull push it out of lungs like a plastic bag

Question 31

Surfactant

Answer 31

allows small alveoli to not collapse which increases SA for gas exchange - reduces SA in small alveoli

Question 32

Law of LaPlace states...

Answer 32

the pressure is a function of the surface tension of the fluid and the radius of the bubble, creating pressure in the interior of the bubble

Question 33

What is treatment for premature babies

Answer 33

artifical surfactant and ventilation