Respiration

Question 1

what is catabolic pathway

Answer 1

it involves the breakdown of molecules to release energy.

Question 2

what is anabolic pathway

Answer 2

Anabolic pathways involve the creation of molecules to create more complex molecules

Question 3

what plays a big role in metabolic pathways

Answer 3

the transfer of electron as it releases energy which is stored in the compound which is used to synthesise ATP.

Question 4

how do organic compound posses energy

Answer 4

due to the arrangement of electrons in their bonds,

Question 5

what is fermentation

Answer 5

the partial degradation of sugar without the usage of oxygen

Question 6

T or F that eukaryotic and prokaryotic oragnisms can carry aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

T

Question 7

is the breakdown of glucose exorgenic

Answer 7

yes, it is sponatneous G<0

Question 8

what is oxidised in aerobic respiartion

Answer 8

Glucose to form co2

Question 9

what happens in respiration

Answer 9

the oxidation of glucose transfers electron to lower energy state which realeses energy which is used to make ATP.

Question 10

do electrons travel with hydrogen

Answer 10

yes in the form of hydrogen atoms

Question 11

where are hydrogen atoms passed to

Answer 11

nAD

Question 12

why is the coenenzyme NAD suited for electron carrier

Answer 12

brcsuse it can transform NADH and NAD and vice versa

Question 13

NAD acts as an oxidising agent in respiration

Answer 13

True

Question 14

what does the enzyme dehydrogenase do

Answer 14

they remove a paor of hydrogen atoms H

Question 15

where is electron transport chain located for eukaryotes

Answer 15

inner membrane of mitocondria

Question 16

where is electron transport chain present in prokaryotes

Answer 16

plasma membrane

Question 17

what is the summary of cellular respiration

Answer 17

glucose->NADH->electron transport-> oxygen

Question 18

is glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and citric acid catabolic pathway

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

outline the respiratory sequence

Answer 19

glycolysis is where glucose is phosphorylated by 2ATP causing the molecule to become reactive and to form 2 trios phosphates. next the triose phosphate will become oxidised forming 2molecules of pyruvate. NAD collects the hydrogen ion to form NADH, 4 atp produced but net 2ATP.

Question 20

where does cytric cycle/ krebs cycle occur for eukarytic and prokarytoc cell

Answer 20

for eukarytes it is in matrix of mitocondria and for prokarytic in the cytoplasm

Question 21

where does link reaction occur for prokaryotes

Answer 21

in the cytoplaasm

Question 22

does oxidative phosphorqylation account for 90% of ATP

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

what is substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 23

when an enzyme transfers the phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP

Question 24

in which two stages does substrate level phosphorylation occur

Answer 24

glycolysis and krebs cycle

Question 25

is co2 released in glycolysis

Answer 25

No

Question 26

does glycolysis occur for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

how did pyruvate enter the mitocondria from cytoplam

Answer 27

by active transport

Question 28

write the summary of link reaction

Answer 28

Pyruvate is decarboxylated and one co2is lost, next nad is reduced as it takes a hydrogen from pyruvate to form acetate. Acetate is combined with coenzyme coA to form acetyl coA

Question 29

does any ATP form in link reaction

Answer 29

No

Question 30

what are the product of link reaction

Answer 30

2 molecule of acetyl coa, 2 CO2, 2 molecule of reduced NAD

Question 31

why is co2 given off by link reaction

Answer 31

the pyruvate group has cooh group which is oxidised to form co2.

Question 32

why NADH is formed in link reaction

Answer 32

the remaining 2 carbon compound is oxidised and electron transferred to NAD storing ebeny in NADH

Question 33

es acetyl coA reactive

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

how many ATP does kreb cycle make

Answer 34

1atp

Question 35

what are alternative names for kreb cycle

Answer 35

Tricarboxylic cycle and citrate cycle

Question 36

how many steps does kreb cycle have

Answer 36

8

Question 37

write the sequence of kreb cycle

Answer 37

acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. coenzyme A goes back to link reaction. the 6c citrate is decarboxypated to 5c. dehydrogenation also occurs where hydrogen is used to produce NADH. the 5 c carbon is then converted to 4c carbon, dehydrogenation and decarboxylaion occurs where 2 to NADH And 1 FADH. substrate level phosphorylation occurs where 1 ATP is made, the citrate is now converted to oxoaloacetate.

Question 38

product of kreb cycle and where it goes

Answer 38

1 coenzymeA which is reuse din link reaction Oxaloacetate regenerated for the use kreb cycle 2co2 released as waste product 1 atp used for energy 3 nadh to oxidative phosphorylation 1 FADH to oxidative phosphorylation

Question 39

what is oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 39

is the process where the energy carried by electrons from NADH & FADH is used to make ATP

Question 40

what r the 2 process oxidative phosphorylation involve

Answer 40

electron transport chain chain and chemiosmosis

Question 41

where does oxidation phosphrylation occus

Answer 41

in inner mitocondrial membrane

Question 42

describe the process of oxodative phosphorylation

Answer 42

hydrogen atoms released by NADH and FADH, the H is split into H+ and e-. the electrons move along the electron transport chain where 3 carriers are present and they lose energy at each carrier. this energy is used to pump prototons from the mitocondrial matrix into intermembrane space. this forms an electrochamical gradient where the H+ moves down the gradient into thr matrix via ATP synthase which releseass energy to combine ADP to p to from ATP.

Question 43

what happens at the end of electron transport chain

Answer 43

protons and electrons and hydrogen combines to form H2o

Question 44

how many ATP is made from NADH

Answer 44

2.5 ATP

Question 45

how many ATP does FADH make

Answer 45

1.5 ATP

Question 46

what does coenzyme acetyl coa do

Answer 46

transfer acetate molecules

Question 47

how many ATP are made per molecule of glucose

Answer 47

32

Question 48

do NADH and FADH donate equivalent number of electrons

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

what pulls electron down the electron teansport chain

Answer 49

electronegative oxygen

Question 50

what is the difference etween fermentation and anerobic respiration

Answer 50

anaerobic respiration uses electron transport chain

Question 51

does anaerobic respiration involve link reaction

Answer 51

No

Question 52

does anaerobic respiration require oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 52

No

Question 53

does anaerobic respiration consist of kreb cycle

Answer 53

No

Question 54

describe the process lactate fermentation

Answer 54

Glucose is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis. Reduced NADH from glycolysis transfer the hydrogen to pyruvate to form lactate and NAD. NAD can then be reused in glycolysis

Question 55

what are the 2 ways animal break down lactic acid

Answer 55

cells can convert lactic acid back into pyruvate which can re enter in kreb cycle when 02 is there or liver cells can convert it back to glucose.

Question 56

does alcohol fermentation produce co2

Answer 56

Yes